Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
Literature & Humanities
http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2423-7892
2588-5146
10.61186/jsaeh
fa
jalali
1397
3
1
gregorian
2018
6
1
5
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
تحلیل فضایی سطح تابآوری سکونتگاههای روستایی در برابر مخاطرات محیطی (مورد مطالعه: بخش مرکزی شهرستان فاروج)
Spatial Analysis of Villagers’ Resilience Against Environmental Hazards (A Case Study of Central District of Faruj County)
عمومى
General
كاربردي
Applicable
مفهوم تابآوری ارمغان تحول مدیریت مخاطرات دههی حاضر است. امروزه دیدگاهها و نظریههای مدیریت سوانح و توسعهی پایدار به دنبال ایجاد جوامع تاب آور در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی هستند. سوانح طبیعی مثل زلزله، خشکسالی، سیل و... بهعنوان پدیده­های اجتنابناپذیری بهحساب می­آیند که همیشه خطری جدی برای توسعه بهخصوص توسعه روستایی به شمار می­روند. جهت کاهش آسیب­های ناشی از سوانح طبیعی باید ظرفیت و توان روستاها را برای مقابله با این حوادث بالا برد. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل فضایی عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقای تابآوری محیطی روستاییان در هنگام مواجهه با مخاطرات طبیعی در روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان فاروج میباشد. در این راستا از روش تحقیق پیمایشی با بهکارگیری پرسشنامه استفادهشده است. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از محاسبه آلفاء کرونباخ برای ابعاد مختلف تأمین شد. جامعه آماری، 4591 خانوار از روستاهای مناسب برای اسکان موقت بوده است که بر پایه فرمول کوکران، شمار نمونه­ها 252 نمونه به دست آمد، این افراد با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. یافته­های تحقیق نشان داد که عوامل بُعد زیرساختی با میانگین 2.92 بیشترین و عوامل بُعد اقتصادی با میانگین 2.58 کمترین تأثیر را در تابآوری روستاها داشته است. بر اساس آزمون <span dir="LTR">T</span> میانگین واقعی نظر کل پاسخگویان از 3 کوچکتر و در حد متوسط به پایین است. همچنین بهمنظور ارزیابی میزان اثرگذاری هر یک از شاخصهای تحقیق بر میزان تابآوری در روستاهای موردمطالعه، از آزمون آماری تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد که مشخص گردید از بین شاخص­های موردمطالعه «میزان رضایت روستائیان از عملکرد شورا و دهیاری»، «نقش نهادها در آموزش مردم در مورد حوادث مختلف» و «استفاده از مصالح جدید و بادوام برای پیشگیری از اثرات مخرب حوادث» بیشترین اثر را در تابآوری روستاهای موردمطالعه دارند. همچنین برای تعیین بهترین روستا ازنظر تابآوری برای استقرار پایگاه اسکان موقت در مدیریت بحران از سه تکنیک ارزیابی مجموع نسبت­ها، ویکور و تحلیل خاکستری استفاده شد و بر اساس روش میانگین رتبهها، اولویتبندی روستاهای موردمطالعه انجام شد، که روستاهای مفرنقاه، استاد و پیرعلی با توجه به شاخص­های تابآوری موردبررسی در مناطق روستایی بالاترین رتبه را دارا بودند و روستای ریزه و رشوانلو پایینترین رتبه را داشته است.
Spatial Analysis of Villagers’ Resilience Against Environmental Hazards<br>
(A Case Study of Central District of Faruj County)<br>
Statement of the problem<br>
The concept of resilience is the outcome of changes in risk managing in current decade. Today, the views and theories of disaster management and sustainable development seek to create societies resilient against natural disasters. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, droughts, floods, etc. are inevitable phenomenon which always pose a serious threat to development, especially in rural areas. This reflects the need to pay more attention to resilience in local level (rural areas). Resilience is the ability of a social or ecological system to absorb and deal with disorder or disturbance, so that the basic functional structure, can maintain the capacity of reorganization and adapting to changes and tensions. Carpenter defines resilience as the capacity of an environmental and social system to absorb a disruption, reorganize and thereby maintain essential functions. Thus, in order to reduce damage caused by natural disasters, the capacity of rural areas to deal with these events should be increased. Increased level of resilience against natural hazards is possible through accurately identifying the factors affecting resilience. Therefore, the aim of this study is the spatial analysis of factors affecting the promotion of rural environmental resilience in the face of natural hazards in rural areas of Faruj County.<br>
In fact, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: what are the factors which may increase the level of resilience in the sample communities exposed to natural hazards, and how resilient are the sample villages of the study?<br>
Research Methodology<br>
This study is an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method based on questionnaires. Data were collected through library research and field works which required completing questionnaires and conducting interviews with villagers living in the Central District of Faruj County.<br>
Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed based on experts' views and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach alpha for different dimensions. The population consisted of 4591 households from the villages suitable for temporary accommodation. Based on the Cochran formula, 252 were obtained from these samples. They were selected by stratified random sampling.<br>
Using statistical analysis methods in SPSS software, we analyzed the data to measure resilience in sample villages of the study area. We also used Excel and GIS in various parts of the study. To determine the best option, we used the VIKOR models, Gray relational analysis and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS).<br>
Results and discussion<br>
The results showed that infrastructure dimension with a mean of 2.92 and the economic dimension with a mean of 2.58 respectively had the highest and least impact on increased resilience which suggest that these villages compared to sample villages have relatively good infrastructure facilities. However, due<br>
to the lack of proper institutional framework and poor performance of crisis management institutions, villagers are less satisfied with these organizations. Accordingly, based on t-test, the actual mean of the total respondents’ views was less than 3 and at the moderate level, and the economic index with the t statistics of -10.38 had the most negative impact on the resilience of the villagers.<br>
It should be noted that according to the results of the resilience correlation with the individual characteristics of the respondents, it became clear that the gender and marital status has a direct and weak relationship with each dimension of resilience, which means men and the married people compared to the women and the singles believe their villages are more resilient. Besides, there is a weak and reverse relationship between the education of the individuals and their resilience, meaning that people with lower education compared to educated people, believe their villages are more resilient. There was no relationship between age and the dimensions of resilience.<br>
In order to assess the impact of each index of the study on the level of resilience in the villages of the study, the confirmatory factor analysis test was used which revealed that among the indices of the study, "the villagers’ satisfaction with the performance of the Rural Council and administers (Dehyars)", "the role of institutions in educating people about various incidents" and "the use of new and durable materials to prevent the damaging effects of the incidents" had the greatest effect on the resilience of the samples villages.<br>
Eventually, to determine the best village in terms of resilience for establishing a temporary settlement site in crisis management, we use three techniques: additive ratio assessment (ARSA),- VIKOR and Gray relational analysis. We prioritized the villages based on the mean rank method. -Considering the indices of resilience in the rural areas of the study, the villages of Mefrangah, Ostad and Pirali have the highest ranks, and the villages of Rizeh and Roshavanlou have the lowest ranks.<br>
Key words: resilience, environmental hazards, organizational-institutional dimension, additive ratio assessment (ARSA), Faruj Central District
تاب آوری, مخاطرات محیطی, بعد سازمانی- نهادی, مدل ارزیابی مجموع نسبتها, بخش مرکزی فاروج
resilience, environmental hazards, organizational-institutional dimension, additive ratio assessment (ARSA), Faruj Central Distric
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38
http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-546-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
ALiakbar
Anabestani
علی اکبر
عنابستانی
anabestani@um.ac.ir
10031947532846003438
10031947532846003438
Yes
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Mahdi
Javanshiri
مهدی
جوانشیری
dr.anabestani@yahoo.com
10031947532846003439
10031947532846003439
No
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Hamideh
Mahmoudi
حمیده
محمودی
dr.anabestani@Gmail.com
10031947532846003440
10031947532846003440
No
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Mohammad-Reza
Darban Astaneh
محمدرضا
دربان آستانه
aaanabestani@yahoo.com
10031947532846003441
10031947532846003441
No
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد