Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2024)                   Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2024, 11(3): 0-0 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
mahmoodi M, Karami T, Amini Parsa V, Zanganeh A, Alavi S J. Analysis of Environmental Inequality in Middle East Cities Based on the Systematic Review Method.. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2024; 11 (3)
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3461-en.html
Analysis of Environmental Inequality in Middle East Cities Based on the Systematic Review Method.
Mehran Mahmoodi1 , Tajeddin Karami 2, Vahid Amini Parsa3 , Ahmad Zanganeh1 , Seyed Jalil Alavi4
1- Khwarazmi University
2- Khwarazmi University , karamit@khu.ac.ir
3- University of Lodz
4- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Torbit Madras University, Imam Reza Blvd., Noor, Mazandaran
Abstract:   (2173 Views)
This research employs a systematic review approach to comprehensively evaluate environmental inequalities in Middle East cities. The Middle East, due to rapid urbanization and unsustainable development, faces complex environmental challenges that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized populations. In this study, 60 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023 from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were examined. Statistical analyses revealed that environmental inequalities in this region have been exacerbated by weaknesses in coordinated policymaking and cultural-geographical differences. Temporal patterns indicated an increasing trend in these inequalities over the past decade, while thematic analyses uncovered detrimental impacts on public health, air quality, and access to water resources.Geographical assessments demonstrated that specific areas are more vulnerable to environmental hazards due to climatic and economic conditions. By identifying gaps in existing scientific literature and current policies, this research proposes strategies to enhance environmental justice and improve conditions in Middle Eastern cities. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for developing effective policy strategies and future research in the field of environmental justice in the region. By presenting a comprehensive analytical framework, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of environmental inequalities in the Middle East and paves the way for targeted interventions
Keywords: Environmental inequality, justice, Middle East, systematic review, sustainable urban development
Full-Text [PDF 1649 kb]   (26 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/10/10 | Accepted: 2024/12/23 | Published: 2024/12/23
References
1. Ahmad, M. I., Daradkeh, J., Malkawi, M., & Al Delaimy, W. K. 2019. Challenges in environmental health research and sustainability in a less developed country: A case study from Jordan. Current Environmental Health Reports, 6(4), 327-337. [DOI:10.1007/s40572-019-00248-2]
2. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R. D., & Evans, B. (Eds.). 2003. Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (1st ed.). MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 367 pp.
3. Alataş, S. 2022. Income Inequality and the Environment: Mechanisms, Empirics and Policy. In: Kurochkin, D., Crawford, M.J., Shabliy, E.V. (eds) Energy Policy Advancement. Springer, Cham. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-84993-1_5]
4. Algahtany, M.; L. Kumar & E. Barclay. 2018. The spatial distribution of crime and population density in Saudi Arabia. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20: 30-46. [DOI:10.1057/s41300-017-0034-3]
5. Ali, H. H., Al-Betawi, Y. N., & Al-Qudah, H. S. 2019. Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(2), 203-222. [DOI:10.1080/19463138.2019.1590367]
6. Almohamad, H.; A. L. Knaack & B. M. Habib. 2018. Assessing spatial equity and accessibility of public green spaces in Aleppo City Syria. Forests, 9(11): 706. [DOI:10.3390/f9110706]
7. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S., Aydın, A., & Öztürk, M. 2023.Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5),11785-11797. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-22910-3]
8. Amini, H., Shamsipour, M., Sowlat, M. H., Parsaeian, M., Kasaeian, A., Hassanvand, M. S., Kashani, H., Saeedi, R., Mosaferi, M., Nowrouz, P., Ahmadnezhad, E., Rabiei, K., Mesdaghinia, A., Yunesian, M., & Farzadfar, F. 2014. National and sub-national environmental burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2013: Study profile. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 17(1), 62-70. [DOI:10.5451/unibas- ep50724​]
9. Anguelovski, I. 2015. From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods in Barcelona, Boston and Havana. City & Community, 14(3): 231-257. [DOI:10.1111/cico.12026]
10. Bahri, F. & S. Bell. 2020. Factors affecting the use of urban parks in Tehran for effective planning and management. Sustainability, 12(4): [DOI:10.3390/su12041560]
11. Beaber, S. I., Khadr, M. S., AbdelHamid, A. Y., & Abou Elyazed, M. M. 2021. Optimization of energy consumption for hexapod robot following inclined path using nontraditional gait. In Unmanned Systems Technology XXIII 11758, p. 1175802. SPIE. [DOI:10.1117/12.2584520]
12. Bayar, A. A., Degirmenci, S., & Kayalica, M. O. 2015. Does Inequality Matter Air Pollution and Health Relationship?: The Turkish Case. EconoQuantum, 12(1), 7-30.
13. Banzhaf, H. S., Ma, L., & Timmins, C. (2019). Environmental justice: The economics of race, place, and pollution. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 185–208. [DOI:10.1257/jep.33.1.185]
14. Bozdağlıoğlu, E., & Çakır, M. 2013. Economic growth and environmental quality in Turkey: Are they opposite concepts? International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 85-95.
15. Breuste, J., Rahimi, A.2015. Many public urban parks, but who profits from them? The example of Tabriz, Iran. Ecol Process 4, 6 . [DOI:10.1186/s13717-014-0027-4]
16. Bullard, R. D. 2000. Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
17. Braverman, I. 2021. Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1), 3-27. [DOI:10.1177/251484862199539]
18. Bülbül, H.; A. Büyükkeklik; A. Topal; Ö. Özer & M. Akın. 2020. The relationship between environmental awareness, environmental behaviors and carbon footprint in Turkish households. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27: 25009-25028. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-08813-1]
19. Canbulut, T. & A. Kısa. 2020. Agenda: Environment! Critical evaluation of the thesis on the right to environment in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Trends, 4(2): 38-57.
20. Çarkoğlu, A., & Kentmen-Çin, Ç. 2015. Economic development, environmental justice, and pro-environmental behavior. Environmental Politics, 24(4), 575–597. [DOI:10.1080/09644016.2015.1023574]
21. Cushing, L.; R. Morello-Frosch; M. Wander & M. Pastor. 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: The relationship between social inequality and environmental quality. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1): 193-209. [DOI:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646]
22. Demir, C.; R. Cergibozan & A. Gök. 2019. Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Energy & Environment, 30(3): 444-461. [DOI:10.1177/0958305X18793109]
23. Destek, M. A., & Ozsoy, F. N. 2015. Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey. International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(04), 1550017. [DOI:10.1142/S2335680415500179]
24. Egresi, I. 2016. Tourism and Sustainability in Turkey: Negative Impact of Mass Tourism Development. In: Egresi, I. (eds) Alternative Tourism in Turkey. GeoJournal Library, vol 121. Springer, Cham. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-47537-0_3]
25. Elgin, C., & Oztunali, O. 2014. Pollution and informal economy. Economic Systems, 38(3), 333-349. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecosys.2013.11.002]
26. Evcimen, O. 2017. Reflections on the environmental impact assessment processes in Turkey. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6): 51-56. [DOI:10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p51-56]
27. Fassihi, H. 2019. Urban Parks and Their Accessibility in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Justice, 12(6). [DOI:10.1089/env.2019.0014]
28. Fasihi, H., & Parizadi, T. 2020. Analysis of spatial equity and access to urban parks in Ilam, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, 110122. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110122]
29. Sareh Ghorbani, Esmail Salehi, Shahrzad Faryadi & Hamid Reza Jafari.2021. Analyzing urban environmental justice based on supply, demand, and access to cooling ecosystem services in Tehran, Iran, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,DOI:10.1080/09640568.2021.1882964
30. Giovanis, E., Ozdamar, O., & Özdaş, B. 2022. The effect of unemployment benefits on health and living standards in Turkey: Evidence from structural equation modelling and regression discontinuity design. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 962-981. doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2020-0288
31. Gönül, D. & G. Erkut. 2019. Provincial human capital flows and urban dynamism in Turkey. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, 43: 1-20.
32. Habbas, J. G. 2017. Heritage in the lived environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region. International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR .11(2):55-82. DOI:10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
33. Hakimnejad, A.; C. F. Fu & H. Mohammadzadeh Tikanlou. 2015. A critical review of sustainable built environment development in Iran . Engineering Sustainability. 168(3).105-119. [DOI:10.1680/ensu.14.00017]
34. , 118: 546-553.
35. Higgins, J. P. T.; J. Thomas; J. Chandler; M. Cumpston; T. Li; M. J. Page & V. A. Welch (Eds.). 2022. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 6.3). Cochrane.
36. Hosseini, A., Farhadi , E., Hussaini, F. et al.2022 Analysis of spatial (in)equality of urban facilities in Tehran: an integration of spatial accessibility. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 6527–6555. [DOI:10.1007/s10668-021-01715-3]
37. Hussein, C. I., Rasul, H. Q., & Al Manmi, D. A. M. A. 2023. Environmental Justice in Water Quality: Sulaimani City as a Case Study. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University–Sulaimaniya, 7(2), 72-97.. [DOI:10.25098/7.2.21]
38. J.J. Hobbs. 2017. Heritage in the Lived Environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East Regions. International Journal of Architectural Research 11:2.
39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
40. Karliner, L. S.; E. A. Jacobs; A. H. Chen & S. Mutha. 2007. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Services Research, 42(2): 727-754. [DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00629.x]
41. Kimerling, J. 2013. Oil, contact, and conservation in the Amazon: Indigenous Huaorani, Chevron, and Yasuni. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, 24(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2332782
42. Korkut Pata, U., Yilanci, V., Hussain, B., & Naqvi, S. A. 2022. Analyzing the role of income inequality and political stability in environmental degradation: Evidence from South Asia. Gondwana Research, 107, 13-29. [DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2022.02.009]
43. Kulcur, R. 2022. Toplumsal cinsiyetin çevresel adalet ve iklim değişikliği bağlamında Türkçe literatürdeki görünürlüğü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi - Istanbul University Journal of Women's Studies, 24: 31-54. [DOI:10.26650/iukad.2021.982531]
44. Mahdi, A., Hosseini, A., Pourahmad, A., & Hataminejad, H. 2016. Analysis of effective environmental factors an urban health, a case study of Qom, Iran. Habitat International, 55, 89-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.03.001]
45. Makdisi, S. 2011. Autocracies, democratization and Development in the Arab Region. Economic Research Forum Working Paper . 622.
46. Malik, M. A. 2021. Economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental quality nexus in Turkey: evidence from simultaneous equation models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31), 41988-41999. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-13468-7]
47. Martínez-Alier, J.; L. Temper; D. Del Bene & A. Scheidel. 2016. Is there a global environmental justice movement? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(3): 731-755. [DOI:10.1080/03066150.2016.1141198]
48. Mashhoodi, B. 2021. Environmental justice and surface temperature: Income, ethnic, gender, and age inequalities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 68, Article 102810. [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102810]
49. McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. 2014. Urbanisation concepts and trends. International Institute for Environment and Development. Vol. 220. http://pubs.iied.org/10709IIED
50. McKee, E. 2021. Divergent visions: Intersectional water advocacy in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1): 43-64. [DOI:10.1177/2514848620909386]
51. McKenzie, J. E., & Brennan, S. E. 2019. Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. In H. P. Boutron, V. R. Tovey, J. K. Higgins, & S. Lasserson (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Chapter 12). John Wiley & Sons. [DOI:10.1002/9781119536604.ch12]
52. Methley, A.M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C. et al.2014. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 14, 579. [DOI:10.1186/s12913-014-0579-0]
53. Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Tufanaru, C., Stern, C., Porritt, K., Farrow, J., Lockwood, C., Stephenson, M., Moola, S., Lizarondo, L., McArthur, A., Peters, M., Pearson, A., & Jordan, Z. 2019. The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: The Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI). International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 17(1), 36-43. [DOI:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000152]
54. Munoz-Raskin, R. 2010. Walking accessibility to bus rapid transit: Does it affect property values? The case of Bogotá, Colombia. Transport Policy, 17(2): 72-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.11.002]
55. Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., & Alahdab, F. 2016. New evidence pyramid. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 21(4), 121-122. [DOI:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110401]
56. Murad, M. H.; S. Sultan; S. Haffar & F. Bazerbachi. 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 23(2): 60-63. [DOI:10.1136/bmjebm-2017-110853]
57. Nijman, J. & Y. D. Wei. 2020. Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy. Applied Geography, 117: 102188. [DOI:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102188]
58. Obi, C. 2010. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 30(1-2): 219-236. [DOI:10.1080/02255189.2010.9669289]
59. Ogut, A. E. 2014. Benefiting from the environmental justice paradigm as a conceptual framework in Turkey. Planlama, 24(2), 67-73. [DOI:10.5505/planlama.2014.92905]
60. Ökten, Ş. 2017. Environmental justice, dams and displacement in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 414-419. [DOI:10.17719/jisr.2017.1674]
61. Özen, H. 2020. An unfinished grassroots populism: The Gezi Park protests in Turkey and their aftermath. In The AKP Since Gezi Park (pp. 49-68). Routledge.
62. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.n71]
63. Padilla, C. M., Kihal-Talantikite, W., Vieira, V. M., Rossello, P., Le Nir, G., Zmirou-Navier, D., & Deguen, S. 2014. Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas—A localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis. Environmental Research, 134, 315-324. [DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.017]
64. Pasquetti, S. 2015. Subordination and dispositions: Palestinians' differing sense of injustice, politics, and morality. Theory and Society, 44: 1-31. [DOI:10.1007/s11186-014-9240-5]
65. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S. et al.2023. Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11785–11797. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-22910-3]
66. Pehlivan, H. 2021. Socio-spatial inequalities deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic and new dynamics of urban space. Planning, 31(3): 352-360. DOI:10.14744/planlama.2021.43765
67. Rabiei‐Dastjerdi, H., & Matthews, S. A. 2021. Who gets what, where, and how much? Composite index of spatial inequality for small areas in Tehran. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 191-205. [DOI:10.1111/rsp3.12393]
68. Rees, W. E., & Westra, L. 2003. When consumption does violence: Can there be sustainability and environmental justice in a resource-limited world? In J. Agyeman, R. Bullard, & B. Evans (Eds.), Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (pp. 99-124). Routledge.
69. Ridzuan, S. 2019. Inequality and the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1472-1481. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.284]
70. Salem, H. S. 2019. No Sustainable Development in the Lack of Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 12(3), 140-158. [DOI:10.1089/env.2018.0040]
71. Salih, R., & Corry, O. 2022. Displacing the Anthropocene: Colonisation, extinction and the unruliness of nature in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5(1), 381-400. [DOI:10.1177/2514848620982834]
72. Sayan, R. C. 2017. Urban/rural division in environmental justice frameworks: revealing modernity-urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale hydropower development. Local Environment, 22(12), 1510-1525. [DOI:10.1080/13549839.2017.1368465]
73. Sayan, R. C. 2019. Exploring place-based approaches and energy justice: Ecology, social movements, and hydropower in Turkey. Energy Research & Social Science, 57: 101234. [DOI:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101234]
74. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. 2015. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349, g7647. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.g7647]
75. Schlosberg, D. 2007. Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001]
76. Shapiro, J. 2024. China's environmental challenges (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN: 978-1-509-55969-5, 288 pp.
77. Stewart LA, Clarke M, Rovers M, Riley RD, Simmonds M, Stewart G, Tierney JF; PRISMA-IPD Development Group.2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD Statement. JAMA. ,313(16):1657-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3656. PMID: 25919529.
78. Şen, A. F., & Şen, Y. F. (2016). Online environmental activism in Turkey: The case study of “The Right to Water”. Global Bioethics, 27(1), 1-21. [DOI:10.1080/11287462.2015.1137184]
79. Sowers, J. 2013. Environmental politics in Egypt: Activists, experts, and the state. Routledge. 232 pages. New York, NY.
80. Sowers, J.; A. Vengosh & E. Weinthal. 2011. Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Climatic Change, 104(3-4): 599-627. [DOI:10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4]
81. Stel, N. & I. van der Molen. 2015. Environmental vulnerability as a legacy of violent conflict: A case study of the 2012 waste crisis in the Palestinian gathering of Shabriha, South Lebanon. Conflict Security & Development, 15(4): 387-414. [DOI:10.1080/14678802.2015.1070486]
82. Sterne, J. A. C.; J. Savović; M. J. Page; R. G. Elbers; N. S. Blencowe; I. Boutron; C. J. Cates; H. Y. Cheng; M. S. Corbett; S. M. Eldridge; J. R. Emberson; M. A. Hernán; S. Hopewell; A. Hróbjartsson; D. R. Junqueira; P. Jüni; J. J. Kirkham; T. Lasserson; T. Li ... & J. P. T. Higgins. 2019. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366: l4898. doi: [DOI:10.1136/bmj.l4898]
83. Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Altuntaş, M., Khudoyqulov, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Kamel, S. 2022. Does information and communication technology impede environmental degradation? fresh insights from non-parametric approaches. Heliyon, 8(3).
85. Tacoli, C.; G. McGranahan & D. Satterthwaite. 2015. Urbanisation, rural-urban migration and urban poverty. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
86. Tolba, M. K., & Saab, N. W. (Eds.). 2009. Arab environment: Climate change – Impact of climate change on Arab countries. Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). Beirut, Lebanon: AFED.
87. Totry-Jubran, M. 2023. Towards a critical environmental justice approach in multicultural divided states: Lessons from the Israeli regulative system. Fordham Environmental Law Review, 35(1): 60-90.
88. Tsavdaroglou, C. 2020. The refugees' right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3): 230-240. [DOI:10.17645/up.v5i3.3098]
89. Tutulmaz, O. 2015. Environmental Kuznets curve time series application for Turkey: why controversial results exist for similar models?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 73-81. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.184]
90. Udemba, E. N. & N. İ. Keleş. 2022. Interactions among urbanization, industrialization and foreign direct investment (FDI) in determining the environment and sustainable development: New insight from Turkey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6: 191-212. [DOI:10.1007/s41685-021-00214-7]
91. Ullah, S. & M. S. Awan. 2019. Environmental Kuznets curve and income inequality: Pooled mean group estimation for Asian developing countries. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 15: 157-179. [DOI:10.32368/FJES.20191507]
92. United Nations. 2019. World population prospects 2019: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
93. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). 2020. World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020
94. Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. 2019. The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 149-157. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.169]
95. Walker, G. 2012. Environmental justice: Concepts, evidence and politics (1st ed.). Routledge. 272 pages. London, UK
96. World Population Review. 2024. Middle East Population 2024. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com
97. World Bank. 2024. Urban population (% of total population) - Middle East & North Africa. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ
98. Yagoub, M. M., Tesfaldet, Y. T., Elmubarak, M. G., & Al Hosani, N. 2022. Extraction of urban quality of life indicators using remote sensing and machine learning: The case of Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(9), 458. [DOI:10.3390/ijgi11090458]
99. Yazar, M., & York, A. 2022. Disentangling justice as recognition through public support for local climate adaptation policies: Insights from the Southwest US. Urban Climate, 41, 101079. [DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101079]
100. Zeynep, Ş., Ökten, Ş., Yıldırımkaya, G., Kara, B., et al. 2016. A Call to Action: Overcoming Health Inequality; Comparative Health Indicators and Service Needs of Seasonal Agricultural Migratory Families in Turkey. The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety, 1(2).
101. Yurttagüler, İ. M. & S. Kutlu. 2017. An econometric analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 5(1): 115-126. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.304256
102. Ahmad, M. I., Daradkeh, J., Malkawi, M., & Al Delaimy, W. K. 2019. Challenges in environmental health research and sustainability in a less developed country: A case study from Jordan. Current Environmental Health Reports, 6(4), 327-337.
103. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R. D., & Evans, B. (Eds.). 2003. Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (1st ed.). MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 367 pp.
104. Alataş, S. 2022. Income Inequality and the Environment: Mechanisms, Empirics and Policy. In: Kurochkin, D., Crawford, M.J., Shabliy, E.V. (eds) Energy Policy Advancement. Springer, Cham.
105. Algahtany, M.; L. Kumar & E. Barclay. 2018. The spatial distribution of crime and population density in Saudi Arabia. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20: 30-46.
106. Ali, H. H., Al-Betawi, Y. N., & Al-Qudah, H. S. 2019. Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(2), 203-222.
107. Almohamad, H.; A. L. Knaack & B. M. Habib. 2018. Assessing spatial equity and accessibility of public green spaces in Aleppo City Syria. Forests, 9(11): 706.
108. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S., Aydın, A., & Öztürk, M. 2023.Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5),11785-11797.
109. Amini, H., Shamsipour, M., Sowlat, M. H., Parsaeian, M., Kasaeian, A., Hassanvand, M. S., Kashani, H., Saeedi, R., Mosaferi, M., Nowrouz, P., Ahmadnezhad, E., Rabiei, K., Mesdaghinia, A., Yunesian, M., & Farzadfar, F. 2014. National and sub-national environmental burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2013: Study profile. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 17(1), 62-70.
110. Anguelovski, I. 2015. From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods in Barcelona, Boston and Havana. City & Community, 14(3): 231-257.
111. Bahri, F. & S. Bell. 2020. Factors affecting the use of urban parks in Tehran for effective planning and management. Sustainability, 12(4):
112. Beaber, S. I., Khadr, M. S., AbdelHamid, A. Y., & Abou Elyazed, M. M. 2021. Optimization of energy consumption for hexapod robot following inclined path using nontraditional gait. In Unmanned Systems Technology XXIII 11758, p. 1175802. SPIE.
113. Bayar, A. A., Degirmenci, S., & Kayalica, M. O. 2015. Does Inequality Matter Air Pollution and Health Relationship?: The Turkish Case. EconoQuantum, 12(1), 7-30.
114. Banzhaf, H. S., Ma, L., & Timmins, C. (2019). Environmental justice: The economics of race, place, and pollution. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 185–208.
115. Bozdağlıoğlu, E., & Çakır, M. 2013. Economic growth and environmental quality in Turkey: Are they opposite concepts? International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 85-95.
116. Breuste, J., Rahimi, A.2015. Many public urban parks, but who profits from them? The example of Tabriz, Iran. Ecol Process 4, 6 .
117. Bullard, R. D. 2000. Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
118. Braverman, I. 2021. Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1), 3-27.
119. Bülbül, H.; A. Büyükkeklik; A. Topal; Ö. Özer & M. Akın. 2020. The relationship between environmental awareness, environmental behaviors and carbon footprint in Turkish households. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27: 25009-25028.
120. Canbulut, T. & A. Kısa. 2020. Agenda: Environment! Critical evaluation of the thesis on the right to environment in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Trends, 4(2): 38-57.
121. Çarkoğlu, A., & Kentmen-Çin, Ç. 2015. Economic development, environmental justice, and pro-environmental behavior. Environmental Politics, 24(4), 575–597.
122. Cushing, L.; R. Morello-Frosch; M. Wander & M. Pastor. 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: The relationship between social inequality and environmental quality. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1): 193-209.
123. Demir, C.; R. Cergibozan & A. Gök. 2019. Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Energy & Environment, 30(3): 444-461.
124. Destek, M. A., & Ozsoy, F. N. 2015. Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey. International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(04), 1550017.
125. Egresi, I. 2016. Tourism and Sustainability in Turkey: Negative Impact of Mass Tourism Development. In: Egresi, I. (eds) Alternative Tourism in Turkey. GeoJournal Library, vol 121. Springer, Cham.
126. Elgin, C., & Oztunali, O. 2014. Pollution and informal economy. Economic Systems, 38(3), 333-349.
127. Evcimen, O. 2017. Reflections on the environmental impact assessment processes in Turkey. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6): 51-56.
128. Fassihi, H. 2019. Urban Parks and Their Accessibility in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Justice, 12(6).
129. Fasihi, H., & Parizadi, T. 2020. Analysis of spatial equity and access to urban parks in Ilam, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, 110122.
130. Sareh Ghorbani, Esmail Salehi, Shahrzad Faryadi & Hamid Reza Jafari.2021. Analyzing urban environmental justice based on supply, demand, and access to cooling ecosystem services in Tehran, Iran, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,DOI:10.1080/09640568.2021.1882964
131. Giovanis, E., Ozdamar, O., & Özdaş, B. 2022. The effect of unemployment benefits on health and living standards in Turkey: Evidence from structural equation modelling and regression discontinuity design. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 962-981. doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2020-0288
132. Gönül, D. & G. Erkut. 2019. Provincial human capital flows and urban dynamism in Turkey. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, 43: 1-20.
133. Habbas, J. G. 2017. Heritage in the lived environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region. International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR .11(2):55-82. DOI:10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
134. Hakimnejad, A.; C. F. Fu & H. Mohammadzadeh Tikanlou. 2015. A critical review of sustainable built environment development in Iran . Engineering Sustainability. 168(3).105-119.
135. , 118: 546-553.
136. Higgins, J. P. T.; J. Thomas; J. Chandler; M. Cumpston; T. Li; M. J. Page & V. A. Welch (Eds.). 2022. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 6.3). Cochrane.
137. Hosseini, A., Farhadi , E., Hussaini, F. et al.2022 Analysis of spatial (in)equality of urban facilities in Tehran: an integration of spatial accessibility. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 6527–6555.
138. Hussein, C. I., Rasul, H. Q., & Al Manmi, D. A. M. A. 2023. Environmental Justice in Water Quality: Sulaimani City as a Case Study. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University–Sulaimaniya, 7(2), 72-97..
139. J.J. Hobbs. 2017. Heritage in the Lived Environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East Regions. International Journal of Architectural Research 11:2.
140. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
141. Karliner, L. S.; E. A. Jacobs; A. H. Chen & S. Mutha. 2007. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Services Research, 42(2): 727-754.
142. Kimerling, J. 2013. Oil, contact, and conservation in the Amazon: Indigenous Huaorani, Chevron, and Yasuni. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, 24(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2332782
143. Korkut Pata, U., Yilanci, V., Hussain, B., & Naqvi, S. A. 2022. Analyzing the role of income inequality and political stability in environmental degradation: Evidence from South Asia. Gondwana Research, 107, 13-29.
144. Kulcur, R. 2022. Toplumsal cinsiyetin çevresel adalet ve iklim değişikliği bağlamında Türkçe literatürdeki görünürlüğü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi - Istanbul University Journal of Women's Studies, 24: 31-54.
145. Mahdi, A., Hosseini, A., Pourahmad, A., & Hataminejad, H. 2016. Analysis of effective environmental factors an urban health, a case study of Qom, Iran. Habitat International, 55, 89-99.
146. Makdisi, S. 2011. Autocracies, democratization and Development in the Arab Region. Economic Research Forum Working Paper . 622.
147. Malik, M. A. 2021. Economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental quality nexus in Turkey: evidence from simultaneous equation models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31), 41988-41999.
148. Martínez-Alier, J.; L. Temper; D. Del Bene & A. Scheidel. 2016. Is there a global environmental justice movement? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(3): 731-755.
149. Mashhoodi, B. 2021. Environmental justice and surface temperature: Income, ethnic, gender, and age inequalities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 68, Article 102810.
150. McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. 2014. Urbanisation concepts and trends. International Institute for Environment and Development. Vol. 220. http://pubs.iied.org/10709IIED
151. McKee, E. 2021. Divergent visions: Intersectional water advocacy in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1): 43-64.
152. McKenzie, J. E., & Brennan, S. E. 2019. Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. In H. P. Boutron, V. R. Tovey, J. K. Higgins, & S. Lasserson (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Chapter 12). John Wiley & Sons.
153. Methley, A.M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C. et al.2014. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 14, 579.
154. Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Tufanaru, C., Stern, C., Porritt, K., Farrow, J., Lockwood, C., Stephenson, M., Moola, S., Lizarondo, L., McArthur, A., Peters, M., Pearson, A., & Jordan, Z. 2019. The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: The Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI). International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 17(1), 36-43.
155. Munoz-Raskin, R. 2010. Walking accessibility to bus rapid transit: Does it affect property values? The case of Bogotá, Colombia. Transport Policy, 17(2): 72-84.
156. Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., & Alahdab, F. 2016. New evidence pyramid. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 21(4), 121-122.
157. Murad, M. H.; S. Sultan; S. Haffar & F. Bazerbachi. 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 23(2): 60-63.
158. Nijman, J. & Y. D. Wei. 2020. Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy. Applied Geography, 117: 102188.
159. Obi, C. 2010. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 30(1-2): 219-236.
160. Ogut, A. E. 2014. Benefiting from the environmental justice paradigm as a conceptual framework in Turkey. Planlama, 24(2), 67-73.
161. Ökten, Ş. 2017. Environmental justice, dams and displacement in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 414-419.
162. Özen, H. 2020. An unfinished grassroots populism: The Gezi Park protests in Turkey and their aftermath. In The AKP Since Gezi Park (pp. 49-68). Routledge.
163. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.
164. Padilla, C. M., Kihal-Talantikite, W., Vieira, V. M., Rossello, P., Le Nir, G., Zmirou-Navier, D., & Deguen, S. 2014. Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas—A localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis. Environmental Research, 134, 315-324.
165. Pasquetti, S. 2015. Subordination and dispositions: Palestinians' differing sense of injustice, politics, and morality. Theory and Society, 44: 1-31.
166. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S. et al.2023. Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11785–11797.
167. Pehlivan, H. 2021. Socio-spatial inequalities deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic and new dynamics of urban space. Planning, 31(3): 352-360. DOI:10.14744/planlama.2021.43765
168. Rabiei‐Dastjerdi, H., & Matthews, S. A. 2021. Who gets what, where, and how much? Composite index of spatial inequality for small areas in Tehran. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 191-205.
169. Rees, W. E., & Westra, L. 2003. When consumption does violence: Can there be sustainability and environmental justice in a resource-limited world? In J. Agyeman, R. Bullard, & B. Evans (Eds.), Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (pp. 99-124). Routledge.
170. Ridzuan, S. 2019. Inequality and the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1472-1481.
171. Salem, H. S. 2019. No Sustainable Development in the Lack of Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 12(3), 140-158.
172. Salih, R., & Corry, O. 2022. Displacing the Anthropocene: Colonisation, extinction and the unruliness of nature in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5(1), 381-400.
173. Sayan, R. C. 2017. Urban/rural division in environmental justice frameworks: revealing modernity-urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale hydropower development. Local Environment, 22(12), 1510-1525.
174. Sayan, R. C. 2019. Exploring place-based approaches and energy justice: Ecology, social movements, and hydropower in Turkey. Energy Research & Social Science, 57: 101234.
175. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. 2015. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349, g7647.
176. Schlosberg, D. 2007. Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford University Press.
177. Shapiro, J. 2024. China's environmental challenges (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN: 978-1-509-55969-5, 288 pp.
178. Stewart LA, Clarke M, Rovers M, Riley RD, Simmonds M, Stewart G, Tierney JF; PRISMA-IPD Development Group.2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD Statement. JAMA. ,313(16):1657-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3656. PMID: 25919529.
179. Şen, A. F., & Şen, Y. F. (2016). Online environmental activism in Turkey: The case study of “The Right to Water”. Global Bioethics, 27(1), 1-21.
180. Sowers, J. 2013. Environmental politics in Egypt: Activists, experts, and the state. Routledge. 232 pages. New York, NY.
181. Sowers, J.; A. Vengosh & E. Weinthal. 2011. Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Climatic Change, 104(3-4): 599-627.
182. Stel, N. & I. van der Molen. 2015. Environmental vulnerability as a legacy of violent conflict: A case study of the 2012 waste crisis in the Palestinian gathering of Shabriha, South Lebanon. Conflict Security & Development, 15(4): 387-414.
183. Sterne, J. A. C.; J. Savović; M. J. Page; R. G. Elbers; N. S. Blencowe; I. Boutron; C. J. Cates; H. Y. Cheng; M. S. Corbett; S. M. Eldridge; J. R. Emberson; M. A. Hernán; S. Hopewell; A. Hróbjartsson; D. R. Junqueira; P. Jüni; J. J. Kirkham; T. Lasserson; T. Li ... & J. P. T. Higgins. 2019. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366: l4898. doi:
184. Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Altuntaş, M., Khudoyqulov, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Kamel, S. 2022. Does information and communication technology impede environmental degradation? fresh insights from non-parametric approaches. Heliyon, 8(3).
185. Tacoli, C.; G. McGranahan & D. Satterthwaite. 2015. Urbanisation, rural-urban migration and urban poverty. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
186. Tolba, M. K., & Saab, N. W. (Eds.). 2009. Arab environment: Climate change – Impact of climate change on Arab countries. Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). Beirut, Lebanon: AFED.
187. Totry-Jubran, M. 2023. Towards a critical environmental justice approach in multicultural divided states: Lessons from the Israeli regulative system. Fordham Environmental Law Review, 35(1): 60-90.
188. Tsavdaroglou, C. 2020. The refugees' right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3): 230-240.
189. Tutulmaz, O. 2015. Environmental Kuznets curve time series application for Turkey: why controversial results exist for similar models?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 73-81.
190. Udemba, E. N. & N. İ. Keleş. 2022. Interactions among urbanization, industrialization and foreign direct investment (FDI) in determining the environment and sustainable development: New insight from Turkey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6: 191-212.
191. Ullah, S. & M. S. Awan. 2019. Environmental Kuznets curve and income inequality: Pooled mean group estimation for Asian developing countries. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 15: 157-179.
192. United Nations. 2019. World population prospects 2019: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
193. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). 2020. World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020
194. Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. 2019. The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 149-157.
195. Walker, G. 2012. Environmental justice: Concepts, evidence and politics (1st ed.). Routledge. 272 pages. London, UK
196. World Population Review. 2024. Middle East Population 2024. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com
197. World Bank. 2024. Urban population (% of total population) - Middle East & North Africa. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ
198. Yagoub, M. M., Tesfaldet, Y. T., Elmubarak, M. G., & Al Hosani, N. 2022. Extraction of urban quality of life indicators using remote sensing and machine learning: The case of Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(9), 458.
199. Yazar, M., & York, A. 2022. Disentangling justice as recognition through public support for local climate adaptation policies: Insights from the Southwest US. Urban Climate, 41, 101079.
200. Zeynep, Ş., Ökten, Ş., Yıldırımkaya, G., Kara, B., et al. 2016. A Call to Action: Overcoming Health Inequality; Comparative Health Indicators and Service Needs of Seasonal Agricultural Migratory Families in Turkey. The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety, 1(2).
201. Yurttagüler, İ. M. & S. Kutlu. 2017. An econometric analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 5(1): 115-126. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.304256
202. Ahmad, M. I., Daradkeh, J., Malkawi, M., & Al Delaimy, W. K. 2019. Challenges in environmental health research and sustainability in a less developed country: A case study from Jordan. Current Environmental Health Reports, 6(4), 327-337.
203. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R. D., & Evans, B. (Eds.). 2003. Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (1st ed.). MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 367 pp.
204. Alataş, S. 2022. Income Inequality and the Environment: Mechanisms, Empirics and Policy. In: Kurochkin, D., Crawford, M.J., Shabliy, E.V. (eds) Energy Policy Advancement. Springer, Cham.
205. Algahtany, M.; L. Kumar & E. Barclay. 2018. The spatial distribution of crime and population density in Saudi Arabia. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20: 30-46.
206. Ali, H. H., Al-Betawi, Y. N., & Al-Qudah, H. S. 2019. Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(2), 203-222.
207. Almohamad, H.; A. L. Knaack & B. M. Habib. 2018. Assessing spatial equity and accessibility of public green spaces in Aleppo City Syria. Forests, 9(11): 706.
208. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S., Aydın, A., & Öztürk, M. 2023.Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5),11785-11797.
209. Amini, H., Shamsipour, M., Sowlat, M. H., Parsaeian, M., Kasaeian, A., Hassanvand, M. S., Kashani, H., Saeedi, R., Mosaferi, M., Nowrouz, P., Ahmadnezhad, E., Rabiei, K., Mesdaghinia, A., Yunesian, M., & Farzadfar, F. 2014. National and sub-national environmental burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2013: Study profile. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 17(1), 62-70.
210. Anguelovski, I. 2015. From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods in Barcelona, Boston and Havana. City & Community, 14(3): 231-257.
211. Bahri, F. & S. Bell. 2020. Factors affecting the use of urban parks in Tehran for effective planning and management. Sustainability, 12(4):
212. Beaber, S. I., Khadr, M. S., AbdelHamid, A. Y., & Abou Elyazed, M. M. 2021. Optimization of energy consumption for hexapod robot following inclined path using nontraditional gait. In Unmanned Systems Technology XXIII 11758, p. 1175802. SPIE.
213. Bayar, A. A., Degirmenci, S., & Kayalica, M. O. 2015. Does Inequality Matter Air Pollution and Health Relationship?: The Turkish Case. EconoQuantum, 12(1), 7-30.
214. Banzhaf, H. S., Ma, L., & Timmins, C. (2019). Environmental justice: The economics of race, place, and pollution. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 185–208.
215. Bozdağlıoğlu, E., & Çakır, M. 2013. Economic growth and environmental quality in Turkey: Are they opposite concepts? International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 85-95.
216. Breuste, J., Rahimi, A.2015. Many public urban parks, but who profits from them? The example of Tabriz, Iran. Ecol Process 4, 6 .
217. Bullard, R. D. 2000. Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
218. Braverman, I. 2021. Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1), 3-27.
219. Bülbül, H.; A. Büyükkeklik; A. Topal; Ö. Özer & M. Akın. 2020. The relationship between environmental awareness, environmental behaviors and carbon footprint in Turkish households. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27: 25009-25028.
220. Canbulut, T. & A. Kısa. 2020. Agenda: Environment! Critical evaluation of the thesis on the right to environment in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Trends, 4(2): 38-57.
221. Çarkoğlu, A., & Kentmen-Çin, Ç. 2015. Economic development, environmental justice, and pro-environmental behavior. Environmental Politics, 24(4), 575–597.
222. Cushing, L.; R. Morello-Frosch; M. Wander & M. Pastor. 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: The relationship between social inequality and environmental quality. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1): 193-209.
223. Demir, C.; R. Cergibozan & A. Gök. 2019. Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Energy & Environment, 30(3): 444-461.
224. Destek, M. A., & Ozsoy, F. N. 2015. Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey. International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(04), 1550017.
225. Egresi, I. 2016. Tourism and Sustainability in Turkey: Negative Impact of Mass Tourism Development. In: Egresi, I. (eds) Alternative Tourism in Turkey. GeoJournal Library, vol 121. Springer, Cham.
226. Elgin, C., & Oztunali, O. 2014. Pollution and informal economy. Economic Systems, 38(3), 333-349.
227. Evcimen, O. 2017. Reflections on the environmental impact assessment processes in Turkey. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6): 51-56.
228. Fassihi, H. 2019. Urban Parks and Their Accessibility in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Justice, 12(6).
229. Fasihi, H., & Parizadi, T. 2020. Analysis of spatial equity and access to urban parks in Ilam, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, 110122.
230. Sareh Ghorbani, Esmail Salehi, Shahrzad Faryadi & Hamid Reza Jafari.2021. Analyzing urban environmental justice based on supply, demand, and access to cooling ecosystem services in Tehran, Iran, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,DOI:10.1080/09640568.2021.1882964
231. Giovanis, E., Ozdamar, O., & Özdaş, B. 2022. The effect of unemployment benefits on health and living standards in Turkey: Evidence from structural equation modelling and regression discontinuity design. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 962-981. doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2020-0288
232. Gönül, D. & G. Erkut. 2019. Provincial human capital flows and urban dynamism in Turkey. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, 43: 1-20.
233. Habbas, J. G. 2017. Heritage in the lived environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region. International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR .11(2):55-82. DOI:10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
234. Hakimnejad, A.; C. F. Fu & H. Mohammadzadeh Tikanlou. 2015. A critical review of sustainable built environment development in Iran . Engineering Sustainability. 168(3).105-119.
235. , 118: 546-553.
236. Higgins, J. P. T.; J. Thomas; J. Chandler; M. Cumpston; T. Li; M. J. Page & V. A. Welch (Eds.). 2022. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 6.3). Cochrane.
237. Hosseini, A., Farhadi , E., Hussaini, F. et al.2022 Analysis of spatial (in)equality of urban facilities in Tehran: an integration of spatial accessibility. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 6527–6555.
238. Hussein, C. I., Rasul, H. Q., & Al Manmi, D. A. M. A. 2023. Environmental Justice in Water Quality: Sulaimani City as a Case Study. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University–Sulaimaniya, 7(2), 72-97..
239. J.J. Hobbs. 2017. Heritage in the Lived Environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East Regions. International Journal of Architectural Research 11:2.
240. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
241. Karliner, L. S.; E. A. Jacobs; A. H. Chen & S. Mutha. 2007. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Services Research, 42(2): 727-754.
242. Kimerling, J. 2013. Oil, contact, and conservation in the Amazon: Indigenous Huaorani, Chevron, and Yasuni. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, 24(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2332782
243. Korkut Pata, U., Yilanci, V., Hussain, B., & Naqvi, S. A. 2022. Analyzing the role of income inequality and political stability in environmental degradation: Evidence from South Asia. Gondwana Research, 107, 13-29.
244. Kulcur, R. 2022. Toplumsal cinsiyetin çevresel adalet ve iklim değişikliği bağlamında Türkçe literatürdeki görünürlüğü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi - Istanbul University Journal of Women's Studies, 24: 31-54.
245. Mahdi, A., Hosseini, A., Pourahmad, A., & Hataminejad, H. 2016. Analysis of effective environmental factors an urban health, a case study of Qom, Iran. Habitat International, 55, 89-99.
246. Makdisi, S. 2011. Autocracies, democratization and Development in the Arab Region. Economic Research Forum Working Paper . 622.
247. Malik, M. A. 2021. Economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental quality nexus in Turkey: evidence from simultaneous equation models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31), 41988-41999.
248. Martínez-Alier, J.; L. Temper; D. Del Bene & A. Scheidel. 2016. Is there a global environmental justice movement? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(3): 731-755.
249. Mashhoodi, B. 2021. Environmental justice and surface temperature: Income, ethnic, gender, and age inequalities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 68, Article 102810.
250. McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. 2014. Urbanisation concepts and trends. International Institute for Environment and Development. Vol. 220. http://pubs.iied.org/10709IIED
251. McKee, E. 2021. Divergent visions: Intersectional water advocacy in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1): 43-64.
252. McKenzie, J. E., & Brennan, S. E. 2019. Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. In H. P. Boutron, V. R. Tovey, J. K. Higgins, & S. Lasserson (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Chapter 12). John Wiley & Sons.
253. Methley, A.M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C. et al.2014. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 14, 579.
254. Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Tufanaru, C., Stern, C., Porritt, K., Farrow, J., Lockwood, C., Stephenson, M., Moola, S., Lizarondo, L., McArthur, A., Peters, M., Pearson, A., & Jordan, Z. 2019. The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: The Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI). International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 17(1), 36-43.
255. Munoz-Raskin, R. 2010. Walking accessibility to bus rapid transit: Does it affect property values? The case of Bogotá, Colombia. Transport Policy, 17(2): 72-84.
256. Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., & Alahdab, F. 2016. New evidence pyramid. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 21(4), 121-122.
257. Murad, M. H.; S. Sultan; S. Haffar & F. Bazerbachi. 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 23(2): 60-63.
258. Nijman, J. & Y. D. Wei. 2020. Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy. Applied Geography, 117: 102188.
259. Obi, C. 2010. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 30(1-2): 219-236.
260. Ogut, A. E. 2014. Benefiting from the environmental justice paradigm as a conceptual framework in Turkey. Planlama, 24(2), 67-73.
261. Ökten, Ş. 2017. Environmental justice, dams and displacement in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 414-419.
262. Özen, H. 2020. An unfinished grassroots populism: The Gezi Park protests in Turkey and their aftermath. In The AKP Since Gezi Park (pp. 49-68). Routledge.
263. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.
264. Padilla, C. M., Kihal-Talantikite, W., Vieira, V. M., Rossello, P., Le Nir, G., Zmirou-Navier, D., & Deguen, S. 2014. Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas—A localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis. Environmental Research, 134, 315-324.
265. Pasquetti, S. 2015. Subordination and dispositions: Palestinians' differing sense of injustice, politics, and morality. Theory and Society, 44: 1-31.
266. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S. et al.2023. Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11785–11797.
267. Pehlivan, H. 2021. Socio-spatial inequalities deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic and new dynamics of urban space. Planning, 31(3): 352-360. DOI:10.14744/planlama.2021.43765
268. Rabiei‐Dastjerdi, H., & Matthews, S. A. 2021. Who gets what, where, and how much? Composite index of spatial inequality for small areas in Tehran. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 191-205.
269. Rees, W. E., & Westra, L. 2003. When consumption does violence: Can there be sustainability and environmental justice in a resource-limited world? In J. Agyeman, R. Bullard, & B. Evans (Eds.), Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (pp. 99-124). Routledge.
270. Ridzuan, S. 2019. Inequality and the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1472-1481.
271. Salem, H. S. 2019. No Sustainable Development in the Lack of Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 12(3), 140-158.
272. Salih, R., & Corry, O. 2022. Displacing the Anthropocene: Colonisation, extinction and the unruliness of nature in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5(1), 381-400.
273. Sayan, R. C. 2017. Urban/rural division in environmental justice frameworks: revealing modernity-urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale hydropower development. Local Environment, 22(12), 1510-1525.
274. Sayan, R. C. 2019. Exploring place-based approaches and energy justice: Ecology, social movements, and hydropower in Turkey. Energy Research & Social Science, 57: 101234.
275. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. 2015. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349, g7647.
276. Schlosberg, D. 2007. Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford University Press.
277. Shapiro, J. 2024. China's environmental challenges (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN: 978-1-509-55969-5, 288 pp.
278. Stewart LA, Clarke M, Rovers M, Riley RD, Simmonds M, Stewart G, Tierney JF; PRISMA-IPD Development Group.2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD Statement. JAMA. ,313(16):1657-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3656. PMID: 25919529.
279. Şen, A. F., & Şen, Y. F. (2016). Online environmental activism in Turkey: The case study of “The Right to Water”. Global Bioethics, 27(1), 1-21.
280. Sowers, J. 2013. Environmental politics in Egypt: Activists, experts, and the state. Routledge. 232 pages. New York, NY.
281. Sowers, J.; A. Vengosh & E. Weinthal. 2011. Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Climatic Change, 104(3-4): 599-627.
282. Stel, N. & I. van der Molen. 2015. Environmental vulnerability as a legacy of violent conflict: A case study of the 2012 waste crisis in the Palestinian gathering of Shabriha, South Lebanon. Conflict Security & Development, 15(4): 387-414.
283. Sterne, J. A. C.; J. Savović; M. J. Page; R. G. Elbers; N. S. Blencowe; I. Boutron; C. J. Cates; H. Y. Cheng; M. S. Corbett; S. M. Eldridge; J. R. Emberson; M. A. Hernán; S. Hopewell; A. Hróbjartsson; D. R. Junqueira; P. Jüni; J. J. Kirkham; T. Lasserson; T. Li ... & J. P. T. Higgins. 2019. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366: l4898. doi:
284. Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Altuntaş, M., Khudoyqulov, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Kamel, S. 2022. Does information and communication technology impede environmental degradation? fresh insights from non-parametric approaches. Heliyon, 8(3).
285. Tacoli, C.; G. McGranahan & D. Satterthwaite. 2015. Urbanisation, rural-urban migration and urban poverty. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
286. Tolba, M. K., & Saab, N. W. (Eds.). 2009. Arab environment: Climate change – Impact of climate change on Arab countries. Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). Beirut, Lebanon: AFED.
287. Totry-Jubran, M. 2023. Towards a critical environmental justice approach in multicultural divided states: Lessons from the Israeli regulative system. Fordham Environmental Law Review, 35(1): 60-90.
288. Tsavdaroglou, C. 2020. The refugees' right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3): 230-240.
289. Tutulmaz, O. 2015. Environmental Kuznets curve time series application for Turkey: why controversial results exist for similar models?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 73-81.
290. Udemba, E. N. & N. İ. Keleş. 2022. Interactions among urbanization, industrialization and foreign direct investment (FDI) in determining the environment and sustainable development: New insight from Turkey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6: 191-212.
291. Ullah, S. & M. S. Awan. 2019. Environmental Kuznets curve and income inequality: Pooled mean group estimation for Asian developing countries. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 15: 157-179.
292. United Nations. 2019. World population prospects 2019: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
293. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). 2020. World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020
294. Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. 2019. The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 149-157.
295. Walker, G. 2012. Environmental justice: Concepts, evidence and politics (1st ed.). Routledge. 272 pages. London, UK
296. World Population Review. 2024. Middle East Population 2024. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com
297. World Bank. 2024. Urban population (% of total population) - Middle East & North Africa. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ
298. Yagoub, M. M., Tesfaldet, Y. T., Elmubarak, M. G., & Al Hosani, N. 2022. Extraction of urban quality of life indicators using remote sensing and machine learning: The case of Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(9), 458.
299. Yazar, M., & York, A. 2022. Disentangling justice as recognition through public support for local climate adaptation policies: Insights from the Southwest US. Urban Climate, 41, 101079.
300. Zeynep, Ş., Ökten, Ş., Yıldırımkaya, G., Kara, B., et al. 2016. A Call to Action: Overcoming Health Inequality; Comparative Health Indicators and Service Needs of Seasonal Agricultural Migratory Families in Turkey. The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety, 1(2).
301. Yurttagüler, İ. M. & S. Kutlu. 2017. An econometric analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 5(1): 115-126. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.304256
302. Ahmad, M. I., Daradkeh, J., Malkawi, M., & Al Delaimy, W. K. 2019. Challenges in environmental health research and sustainability in a less developed country: A case study from Jordan. Current Environmental Health Reports, 6(4), 327-337. [DOI:10.1007/s40572-019-00248-2]
303. Agyeman, J., Bullard, R. D., & Evans, B. (Eds.). 2003. Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (1st ed.). MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 367 pp.
304. Alataş, S. 2022. Income Inequality and the Environment: Mechanisms, Empirics and Policy. In: Kurochkin, D., Crawford, M.J., Shabliy, E.V. (eds) Energy Policy Advancement. Springer, Cham. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-84993-1_5]
305. Algahtany, M.; L. Kumar & E. Barclay. 2018. The spatial distribution of crime and population density in Saudi Arabia. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20: 30-46. [DOI:10.1057/s41300-017-0034-3]
306. Ali, H. H., Al-Betawi, Y. N., & Al-Qudah, H. S. 2019. Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(2), 203-222. [DOI:10.1080/19463138.2019.1590367]
307. Almohamad, H.; A. L. Knaack & B. M. Habib. 2018. Assessing spatial equity and accessibility of public green spaces in Aleppo City Syria. Forests, 9(11): 706. [DOI:10.3390/f9110706]
308. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S., Aydın, A., & Öztürk, M. 2023.Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5),11785-11797. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-22910-3]
309. Amini, H., Shamsipour, M., Sowlat, M. H., Parsaeian, M., Kasaeian, A., Hassanvand, M. S., Kashani, H., Saeedi, R., Mosaferi, M., Nowrouz, P., Ahmadnezhad, E., Rabiei, K., Mesdaghinia, A., Yunesian, M., & Farzadfar, F. 2014. National and sub-national environmental burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2013: Study profile. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 17(1), 62-70. [DOI:10.5451/unibas- ep50724​]
310. Anguelovski, I. 2015. From environmental trauma to safe haven: Place attachment and place remaking in three marginalized neighborhoods in Barcelona, Boston and Havana. City & Community, 14(3): 231-257. [DOI:10.1111/cico.12026]
311. Bahri, F. & S. Bell. 2020. Factors affecting the use of urban parks in Tehran for effective planning and management. Sustainability, 12(4): [DOI:10.3390/su12041560]
312. Beaber, S. I., Khadr, M. S., AbdelHamid, A. Y., & Abou Elyazed, M. M. 2021. Optimization of energy consumption for hexapod robot following inclined path using nontraditional gait. In Unmanned Systems Technology XXIII 11758, p. 1175802. SPIE. [DOI:10.1117/12.2584520]
313. Bayar, A. A., Degirmenci, S., & Kayalica, M. O. 2015. Does Inequality Matter Air Pollution and Health Relationship?: The Turkish Case. EconoQuantum, 12(1), 7-30.
314. Banzhaf, H. S., Ma, L., & Timmins, C. (2019). Environmental justice: The economics of race, place, and pollution. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(1), 185–208. [DOI:10.1257/jep.33.1.185]
315. Bozdağlıoğlu, E., & Çakır, M. 2013. Economic growth and environmental quality in Turkey: Are they opposite concepts? International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 5(1), 85-95.
316. Breuste, J., Rahimi, A.2015. Many public urban parks, but who profits from them? The example of Tabriz, Iran. Ecol Process 4, 6 . [DOI:10.1186/s13717-014-0027-4]
317. Bullard, R. D. 2000. Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
318. Braverman, I. 2021. Environmental justice, settler colonialism, and more-than-humans in the occupied West Bank: An introduction. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1), 3-27. [DOI:10.1177/251484862199539]
319. Bülbül, H.; A. Büyükkeklik; A. Topal; Ö. Özer & M. Akın. 2020. The relationship between environmental awareness, environmental behaviors and carbon footprint in Turkish households. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27: 25009-25028. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-08813-1]
320. Canbulut, T. & A. Kısa. 2020. Agenda: Environment! Critical evaluation of the thesis on the right to environment in Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Trends, 4(2): 38-57.
321. Çarkoğlu, A., & Kentmen-Çin, Ç. 2015. Economic development, environmental justice, and pro-environmental behavior. Environmental Politics, 24(4), 575–597. [DOI:10.1080/09644016.2015.1023574]
322. Cushing, L.; R. Morello-Frosch; M. Wander & M. Pastor. 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: The relationship between social inequality and environmental quality. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1): 193-209. [DOI:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646]
323. Demir, C.; R. Cergibozan & A. Gök. 2019. Income inequality and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Energy & Environment, 30(3): 444-461. [DOI:10.1177/0958305X18793109]
324. Destek, M. A., & Ozsoy, F. N. 2015. Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey. International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(04), 1550017. [DOI:10.1142/S2335680415500179]
325. Egresi, I. 2016. Tourism and Sustainability in Turkey: Negative Impact of Mass Tourism Development. In: Egresi, I. (eds) Alternative Tourism in Turkey. GeoJournal Library, vol 121. Springer, Cham. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-47537-0_3]
326. Elgin, C., & Oztunali, O. 2014. Pollution and informal economy. Economic Systems, 38(3), 333-349. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecosys.2013.11.002]
327. Evcimen, O. 2017. Reflections on the environmental impact assessment processes in Turkey. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(6): 51-56. [DOI:10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p51-56]
328. Fassihi, H. 2019. Urban Parks and Their Accessibility in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Justice, 12(6). [DOI:10.1089/env.2019.0014]
329. Fasihi, H., & Parizadi, T. 2020. Analysis of spatial equity and access to urban parks in Ilam, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, 110122. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110122]
330. Sareh Ghorbani, Esmail Salehi, Shahrzad Faryadi & Hamid Reza Jafari.2021. Analyzing urban environmental justice based on supply, demand, and access to cooling ecosystem services in Tehran, Iran, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,DOI:10.1080/09640568.2021.1882964
331. Giovanis, E., Ozdamar, O., & Özdaş, B. 2022. The effect of unemployment benefits on health and living standards in Turkey: Evidence from structural equation modelling and regression discontinuity design. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 962-981. doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2020-0288
332. Gönül, D. & G. Erkut. 2019. Provincial human capital flows and urban dynamism in Turkey. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, 43: 1-20.
333. Habbas, J. G. 2017. Heritage in the lived environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region. International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR .11(2):55-82. DOI:10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
334. Hakimnejad, A.; C. F. Fu & H. Mohammadzadeh Tikanlou. 2015. A critical review of sustainable built environment development in Iran . Engineering Sustainability. 168(3).105-119. [DOI:10.1680/ensu.14.00017]
335. , 118: 546-553.
336. Higgins, J. P. T.; J. Thomas; J. Chandler; M. Cumpston; T. Li; M. J. Page & V. A. Welch (Eds.). 2022. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 6.3). Cochrane.
337. Hosseini, A., Farhadi , E., Hussaini, F. et al.2022 Analysis of spatial (in)equality of urban facilities in Tehran: an integration of spatial accessibility. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 6527–6555. [DOI:10.1007/s10668-021-01715-3]
338. Hussein, C. I., Rasul, H. Q., & Al Manmi, D. A. M. A. 2023. Environmental Justice in Water Quality: Sulaimani City as a Case Study. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University–Sulaimaniya, 7(2), 72-97.. [DOI:10.25098/7.2.21]
339. J.J. Hobbs. 2017. Heritage in the Lived Environment of the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East Regions. International Journal of Architectural Research 11:2.
340. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1240
341. Karliner, L. S.; E. A. Jacobs; A. H. Chen & S. Mutha. 2007. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Services Research, 42(2): 727-754. [DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00629.x]
342. Kimerling, J. 2013. Oil, contact, and conservation in the Amazon: Indigenous Huaorani, Chevron, and Yasuni. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, 24(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2332782
343. Korkut Pata, U., Yilanci, V., Hussain, B., & Naqvi, S. A. 2022. Analyzing the role of income inequality and political stability in environmental degradation: Evidence from South Asia. Gondwana Research, 107, 13-29. [DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2022.02.009]
344. Kulcur, R. 2022. Toplumsal cinsiyetin çevresel adalet ve iklim değişikliği bağlamında Türkçe literatürdeki görünürlüğü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi - Istanbul University Journal of Women's Studies, 24: 31-54. [DOI:10.26650/iukad.2021.982531]
345. Mahdi, A., Hosseini, A., Pourahmad, A., & Hataminejad, H. 2016. Analysis of effective environmental factors an urban health, a case study of Qom, Iran. Habitat International, 55, 89-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.03.001]
346. Makdisi, S. 2011. Autocracies, democratization and Development in the Arab Region. Economic Research Forum Working Paper . 622.
347. Malik, M. A. 2021. Economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental quality nexus in Turkey: evidence from simultaneous equation models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(31), 41988-41999. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-13468-7]
348. Martínez-Alier, J.; L. Temper; D. Del Bene & A. Scheidel. 2016. Is there a global environmental justice movement? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(3): 731-755. [DOI:10.1080/03066150.2016.1141198]
349. Mashhoodi, B. 2021. Environmental justice and surface temperature: Income, ethnic, gender, and age inequalities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 68, Article 102810. [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102810]
350. McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. 2014. Urbanisation concepts and trends. International Institute for Environment and Development. Vol. 220. http://pubs.iied.org/10709IIED
351. McKee, E. 2021. Divergent visions: Intersectional water advocacy in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(1): 43-64. [DOI:10.1177/2514848620909386]
352. McKenzie, J. E., & Brennan, S. E. 2019. Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. In H. P. Boutron, V. R. Tovey, J. K. Higgins, & S. Lasserson (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Chapter 12). John Wiley & Sons. [DOI:10.1002/9781119536604.ch12]
353. Methley, A.M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C. et al.2014. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 14, 579. [DOI:10.1186/s12913-014-0579-0]
354. Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Tufanaru, C., Stern, C., Porritt, K., Farrow, J., Lockwood, C., Stephenson, M., Moola, S., Lizarondo, L., McArthur, A., Peters, M., Pearson, A., & Jordan, Z. 2019. The development of software to support multiple systematic review types: The Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI). International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 17(1), 36-43. [DOI:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000152]
355. Munoz-Raskin, R. 2010. Walking accessibility to bus rapid transit: Does it affect property values? The case of Bogotá, Colombia. Transport Policy, 17(2): 72-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.11.002]
356. Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., & Alahdab, F. 2016. New evidence pyramid. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 21(4), 121-122. [DOI:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110401]
357. Murad, M. H.; S. Sultan; S. Haffar & F. Bazerbachi. 2018. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 23(2): 60-63. [DOI:10.1136/bmjebm-2017-110853]
358. Nijman, J. & Y. D. Wei. 2020. Urban inequalities in the 21st century economy. Applied Geography, 117: 102188. [DOI:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102188]
359. Obi, C. 2010. Oil extraction, dispossession, resistance, and conflict in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 30(1-2): 219-236. [DOI:10.1080/02255189.2010.9669289]
360. Ogut, A. E. 2014. Benefiting from the environmental justice paradigm as a conceptual framework in Turkey. Planlama, 24(2), 67-73. [DOI:10.5505/planlama.2014.92905]
361. Ökten, Ş. 2017. Environmental justice, dams and displacement in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 414-419. [DOI:10.17719/jisr.2017.1674]
362. Özen, H. 2020. An unfinished grassroots populism: The Gezi Park protests in Turkey and their aftermath. In The AKP Since Gezi Park (pp. 49-68). Routledge.
363. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.n71]
364. Padilla, C. M., Kihal-Talantikite, W., Vieira, V. M., Rossello, P., Le Nir, G., Zmirou-Navier, D., & Deguen, S. 2014. Air quality and social deprivation in four French metropolitan areas—A localized spatio-temporal environmental inequality analysis. Environmental Research, 134, 315-324. [DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.017]
365. Pasquetti, S. 2015. Subordination and dispositions: Palestinians' differing sense of injustice, politics, and morality. Theory and Society, 44: 1-31. [DOI:10.1007/s11186-014-9240-5]
366. Altıntaş, N., Kırca, M., Acar, S. et al.2023. Time-varying causality between income inequality and ecological footprint in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11785–11797. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-22910-3]
367. Pehlivan, H. 2021. Socio-spatial inequalities deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic and new dynamics of urban space. Planning, 31(3): 352-360. DOI:10.14744/planlama.2021.43765
368. Rabiei‐Dastjerdi, H., & Matthews, S. A. 2021. Who gets what, where, and how much? Composite index of spatial inequality for small areas in Tehran. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 191-205. [DOI:10.1111/rsp3.12393]
369. Rees, W. E., & Westra, L. 2003. When consumption does violence: Can there be sustainability and environmental justice in a resource-limited world? In J. Agyeman, R. Bullard, & B. Evans (Eds.), Just sustainabilities: Development in an unequal world (pp. 99-124). Routledge.
370. Ridzuan, S. 2019. Inequality and the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 1472-1481. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.284]
371. Salem, H. S. 2019. No Sustainable Development in the Lack of Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, 12(3), 140-158. [DOI:10.1089/env.2018.0040]
372. Salih, R., & Corry, O. 2022. Displacing the Anthropocene: Colonisation, extinction and the unruliness of nature in Palestine. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5(1), 381-400. [DOI:10.1177/2514848620982834]
373. Sayan, R. C. 2017. Urban/rural division in environmental justice frameworks: revealing modernity-urbanisation nexus in Turkey’s small-scale hydropower development. Local Environment, 22(12), 1510-1525. [DOI:10.1080/13549839.2017.1368465]
374. Sayan, R. C. 2019. Exploring place-based approaches and energy justice: Ecology, social movements, and hydropower in Turkey. Energy Research & Social Science, 57: 101234. [DOI:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101234]
375. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. 2015. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349, g7647. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.g7647]
376. Schlosberg, D. 2007. Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001]
377. Shapiro, J. 2024. China's environmental challenges (3rd ed.). Polity. ISBN: 978-1-509-55969-5, 288 pp.
378. Stewart LA, Clarke M, Rovers M, Riley RD, Simmonds M, Stewart G, Tierney JF; PRISMA-IPD Development Group.2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD Statement. JAMA. ,313(16):1657-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3656. PMID: 25919529.
379. Şen, A. F., & Şen, Y. F. (2016). Online environmental activism in Turkey: The case study of “The Right to Water”. Global Bioethics, 27(1), 1-21. [DOI:10.1080/11287462.2015.1137184]
380. Sowers, J. 2013. Environmental politics in Egypt: Activists, experts, and the state. Routledge. 232 pages. New York, NY.
381. Sowers, J.; A. Vengosh & E. Weinthal. 2011. Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Climatic Change, 104(3-4): 599-627. [DOI:10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4]
382. Stel, N. & I. van der Molen. 2015. Environmental vulnerability as a legacy of violent conflict: A case study of the 2012 waste crisis in the Palestinian gathering of Shabriha, South Lebanon. Conflict Security & Development, 15(4): 387-414. [DOI:10.1080/14678802.2015.1070486]
383. Sterne, J. A. C.; J. Savović; M. J. Page; R. G. Elbers; N. S. Blencowe; I. Boutron; C. J. Cates; H. Y. Cheng; M. S. Corbett; S. M. Eldridge; J. R. Emberson; M. A. Hernán; S. Hopewell; A. Hróbjartsson; D. R. Junqueira; P. Jüni; J. J. Kirkham; T. Lasserson; T. Li ... & J. P. T. Higgins. 2019. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366: l4898. doi: [DOI:10.1136/bmj.l4898]
384. Adebayo, T. S., Agyekum, E. B., Altuntaş, M., Khudoyqulov, S., Zawbaa, H. M., & Kamel, S. 2022. Does information and communication technology impede environmental degradation? fresh insights from non-parametric approaches. Heliyon, 8(3).
386. Tacoli, C.; G. McGranahan & D. Satterthwaite. 2015. Urbanisation, rural-urban migration and urban poverty. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
387. Tolba, M. K., & Saab, N. W. (Eds.). 2009. Arab environment: Climate change – Impact of climate change on Arab countries. Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). Beirut, Lebanon: AFED.
388. Totry-Jubran, M. 2023. Towards a critical environmental justice approach in multicultural divided states: Lessons from the Israeli regulative system. Fordham Environmental Law Review, 35(1): 60-90.
389. Tsavdaroglou, C. 2020. The refugees' right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3): 230-240. [DOI:10.17645/up.v5i3.3098]
390. Tutulmaz, O. 2015. Environmental Kuznets curve time series application for Turkey: why controversial results exist for similar models?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 73-81. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.184]
391. Udemba, E. N. & N. İ. Keleş. 2022. Interactions among urbanization, industrialization and foreign direct investment (FDI) in determining the environment and sustainable development: New insight from Turkey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6: 191-212. [DOI:10.1007/s41685-021-00214-7]
392. Ullah, S. & M. S. Awan. 2019. Environmental Kuznets curve and income inequality: Pooled mean group estimation for Asian developing countries. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 15: 157-179. [DOI:10.32368/FJES.20191507]
393. United Nations. 2019. World population prospects 2019: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
394. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). 2020. World cities report 2020: The value of sustainable urbanization. UN-Habitat. https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020
395. Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. 2019. The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 149-157. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.169]
396. Walker, G. 2012. Environmental justice: Concepts, evidence and politics (1st ed.). Routledge. 272 pages. London, UK
397. World Population Review. 2024. Middle East Population 2024. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com
398. World Bank. 2024. Urban population (% of total population) - Middle East & North Africa. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ
399. Yagoub, M. M., Tesfaldet, Y. T., Elmubarak, M. G., & Al Hosani, N. 2022. Extraction of urban quality of life indicators using remote sensing and machine learning: The case of Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(9), 458. [DOI:10.3390/ijgi11090458]
400. Yazar, M., & York, A. 2022. Disentangling justice as recognition through public support for local climate adaptation policies: Insights from the Southwest US. Urban Climate, 41, 101079. [DOI:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101079]
401. Zeynep, Ş., Ökten, Ş., Yıldırımkaya, G., Kara, B., et al. 2016. A Call to Action: Overcoming Health Inequality; Comparative Health Indicators and Service Needs of Seasonal Agricultural Migratory Families in Turkey. The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety, 1(2).
402. Yurttagüler, İ. M. & S. Kutlu. 2017. An econometric analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 5(1): 115-126. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.304256
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb