Objective: This study aims to assess the spatial vulnerability of Saqqez City to flooding and to determine the relative contribution of key environmental and urban factors to flood vulnerability.

Methods: A GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making framework was developed by integrating spatial datasets, including elevation, hydrographic network, land use, precipitation, and vegetation cover. Spatial data were obtained from Google Earth Engine and other GIS databases. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the relative importance of each criterion and to produce the flood vulnerability map.

Results: The results indicate that distance from the hydrographic network is the most influential factor, with a weight of 0.473, followed by land use (0.284). The consistency ratio (CR = 0.0189) confirms the reliability of the pairwise comparisons. Approximately 8.25 km² and 4.33 km² of the study area fall within the high and very high vulnerability classes, respectively. In addition, more than 64% of the urban road network and 60.2% of the population are located within these highly vulnerable zones.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that reducing flood risk in Saqqez requires moving beyond conventional structural measures toward integrated urban planning strategies. Strengthening green-blue infrastructure, preserving river corridors, and improving the physical resilience of the urban environment should be considered key priorities for sustainable flood risk management.