دوره 4، شماره 3 - ( 6-1396 )                   جلد 4 شماره 3 صفحات 16-1 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها

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1- ، Mrafiyan@gmail.com
چکیده:   (6954 مشاهده)
حرارت سطح شهری (LST) متغیر کلیدی برای کنترل ارتباط بین شار حرارت تابشی، نهفته و محسوس می‌باشد. بدین ترتیب تحلیل و درک پویایی LST و شناسایی ارتباط آن با تغییرات منشاء انسانی برای مدلسازی، پیش‌بینی تغییرات محیطی و نهایتا سیاستگذاری شهری لازم است. از سمتی هم افزایش مقدار پوشش گیاهی یکی از کاراترین استراتژیهای کاهش اثرات خرده اقلیم شهری می‌باشد. در همین راستا جهت تحلیل روندیابی تغییرات حرارتی سطوح و میزان همبستگی فضایی سبزینگی پوشش گیاهی با این پدیده در اثر تحولات شهرنشینی و شهرسازی شهر تهران بین سالهای 94-1382 مورد پژوهش واقع شده است. تصاویر ماهواره‌ای بدون پوشش ابری و صاف کلانشهر تهران توسط ماهواره‌ی Landsat8 برای مرداد ماه سال 1394 و ماهواره‌ی ASTER برای مرداد ماه سال 1382 به کمک نرم‌افزار Envi و از طریق الگوریتم‌های مختلف در سنجش از دور به الگوهای فضایی میزان حرارت سطوح و شاخص پوشش گیاهی نرمال شده (NDVI) کلانشهر تهران تبدیل شده است. خروجی‌های فضایی این پژوهش نشان می‌دهند در طی تقریبا یک دهه‌ی اخیر کمینه‌ی و میانگین حرارت سطوح کلانشهری تهران به ترتیب c̊ 3.67 و c̊ 0.47 کاهش یافته است. همچنین میانگین شاخص پوشش گیاهی نرمال شده از0.06- به 0.10 افزایش یافته است. در همین بازه زمانی برآورد همبستگی فضایی بین NDVI با LST در مناطق 22گانه شهر هم حاکی از کاهش 2% است. این کاهش همبستگی به معنای افزایش نقش فعالیت‌های انسانی بر میزان شدت جزیره حرارتی شهر است. بنابراین توجه به برنامه‌ریزی فعالیت‌های انسانی در شهر در راستای جلوگیری از تغییرات اقلیم در کلانشهری همچون تهران بیش از پیش جهت دستیابی به توسعه‌ی پایدار الزامی به نظر می‌رسد.
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: تخصصي
دریافت: 1396/9/30 | پذیرش: 1396/9/30 | انتشار: 1396/9/30

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71. Roy, D.; M. Wulder, T. Loveland and C. Woodcock. 2014. Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research. Remote Sens. Environ. 145, 154–172.
72. Santamouris, M.;.D. Kolokotsa. 2016. “URBAN CLIMATE MITIGATION”, First published 2016 by Routledge, New York.
73. Shukla, J.; Y. Mintz. 1982. The influence of land-surface-evapotranspiration on the earth’s climate. Science, 247, 1322–1325.
74. Skelhorn, C. 2013. “A Fine Scale Assessment of Urban Greenspace Impacts on Microclimate and Building Energy in Manchester.”
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78. Svensson, M.; I. Eliasson. 2002. Diurnal air temperatures in built up areas in relation to urban planning, Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 37–54.
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81. Weng, Q. 2009. Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 64, 335–344.
82. Weng, Q.; P. Fu and F. Gao. 2014. Generating daily land surface temperature at Landsat resolution by fusing Landsat and MODIS data. Remote Sens. Environ. 145, 55–67.
83. Yang, X.; L. Zhao, M. Bruse and Q. Meng. 2013. Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces, Build. Environ., vol. 60, pp. 93–104.
84. Yuan, F.; M. Bauer. 2007. Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat imagery, Remote Sensing of Environment, 106.
85. Yue, W.; J. Xu, W. Tan and L. Xu. 2007. The relationship between land surface temperature and NDVI with remote sensing: application to Shanghai Landsat 7 ETM + data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 28, No. 15, pp: 3205-3226.
86. Zareie, S.; H. Khosravi and A. Nasiri. 2016. Derivation of land surface temperature from Landsat Thematic Mapper ( TM ) sensor data and analyzing relation between land use changes and surface temperature, Manuscript under review for journal Solid Earth.
87. Zhou, Y.; G. Ren. 2011.Change in extreme temperature event frequency over mainland China, 1961–2008, Clim. Res., 50, 125–139.
88. http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov

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