Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
Literature & Humanities
http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2423-7892
2588-5146
10.61186/jsaeh
fa
jalali
1395
10
1
gregorian
2017
1
1
3
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
پهنه بندی مخاطرات بارشی منجر به خشکسالی و سیل در حوضه های آبریز حله و مند
Zoning of Rain hazards of drought and flood emphasis on population centers in Helle and Mond basins
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: nasimyw;"><strong>خطر،</strong> <strong>منشاء آسیب بالقوه یا موقعیتی برای ایجاد خسارت است، بنابراین شناسایی پهنه­های مواجه با مخاطرات امری لازم برای برنامه­ریزی محیطی یا آمایش سرزمین است. منظور از مخاطره، عموماً ویژگی های کالبدی است که منجر به حوادث غیر مترقبه­می­شود.به عنوان مثال گسل­های فعال، آتش فشان­ها، مناطق سیل خیر و اراضی مستعد اشتعال همگی جزو مخاطرات طبیعی هستند. لذا توجه به شرایط خطرپذیری مخاطرات اقلیمی در مناطق مسکونی با توجه به جمعیت­های شهری و روستایی لازمه برنامه­ریزی محیطی می­باشد. با توجه به این مهم در این تحقیق نخست تلاش شده است تا با استفاده از آمار ایستگاه­های باران سنجی و سینوپتیک حوضه­های آبریز حله و مند طی یک دوره آماری 20 ساله (1371-1390)، شاخص خشکسالی </strong><span dir="LTR">SPI</span><strong> در منطقه مورد مطالعه محاسبه شود. سپس از لایه­های رقومی پهنه های سیلابی، مجموع متوسط بارندگی و مجموع تبخیر و تعرق سالانه برای ارزیابی پهنه­های با خطر رخداد سیلاب استفاده شده است.در این راستا از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (</strong><span dir="LTR">AHP</span><strong>) و منطق( </strong><span dir="LTR">Fuzzy</span><strong>)- مناطق با خطر رخداد پهنه های سیلاب و خشکسالی، و تبخیر و تعرق سالانه در سطح منطقه مورد مطالعه، پهنه بندی و شناسایی شدند. با توجه به نقشه نهایی آسیب­پذیری مشخص شد که مناطق همجوار و خصوصا شهرهای واقع در کنار سواحل خلیج فارس در غرب،شمال غرب و جنوب حوضه های آبریز حله و مند دارای بیشترین آسیب پذیری بوده و مناطق شرق و شمال شرق منطقه مورد مطالعه و مراکز جمعیتی آنها، از کمترین آسیب پذیری برخوردار هستند.</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Hazard is potential source of harm or a situation to create a damage. So identification of zones exposed to hazards is necessary for planning or land use planning. But this situation becomes more critical when they appear at the population centers. So applying the principle of passive defense based on environmental capabilities is unarmed action that caused the reduction of human resources vulnerability, buildings, equipment, documents and arteries of the country against the crisis by natural factors such as drought, flood, earthquake, etc. Considering the possible occurrence of such risks in population centers, ready to deal with what is known unpleasant and undesirable consequences is necessary. On this basis and given the importance of population centers in Helle and Mond basins, in this study, the authors tried to analyze the Rain hazards of drought and flood.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">The study area,Helle and Mond basins, with about 21,274, 47653 km<sup>2</sup> area, respectively are located in the south of Iran. The Helle basin approximately is between 28° 20'N and 30° 10'N latitudes and between 50° E and 52° 20'E longitudes and Mond basin is between 27° 20' and 29° 55' latitudes and between 51° 15' and 30° 27'E longitudes.These basins are located in sides of a massive sources of moisture, Persian Gulf.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">In this study, data from 23meteorological and synoptic stationsstations, during aperiod of20 years (1992-2011)in northern region of the Persian Gulf (Mond and helle basins)were used to calculate Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The data were collected by the Iranian Meteorological data website (<a href="http://www.weather.ir">http://www.weather.ir</a>). The SPI is primarily a tool for defining and monitoring drought events. This index may be computed with different time steps (e.g. 1 month, 3months, 24 months). The SPI is defined for each of the above time scales as the difference between monthly precipitation (xi) and the mean value ( ), divided by the standard deviation. To assess flood risk zones, the flood, annual evapotranspiration, cities and populations centers layers were collected in Helle and Mond basins position. The annual precipitations and the SPI maps were drawn by Geostatistics, Kriging. It also the flood and annual evapotranspiration layers were weighted by Euclidian distance method, separately. Finally, all layers are weighted by AHP and fuzzy-linear methods (descending and ascending linear function) into vulnerable layers. The final map of vulnerable areas with flood and drought high risk was drawn based on the algorithm of linear-Fuzzy in a raster format.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">According to the results, eastern, north eastern and south eastern part of Mond basin had high annual precipitation. Based on this result, it said that these parts of study area were known the least dangerous areas of vulnerability. The results also showed that with passing of the western regions and going to the center of the study area the annual rainfall have been added over the years. Kazeron, Chenar Shahijan, Firouz Abad, Borm plains and some parts of Khane Zenyan and Dash Arzhan are cities located in this regions. Low latitude, Proximity to the warm waters of the Persian Gulf, low annual precipitation and high temperature causing evaporation and inappropriate environmental conditions in Boushehr province and some coastal cities such as Genaveh, Deilam, Boushehr, Baghan, Lar and Khonj. Accordingly, west, north west, south and south west regions in Helle basin were located in extreme vulnerability zone with a loss of annual rainfall for drinking and agricultural production and poor nutrition underground aquifers.</span></span></p>
پهنه بندی, مخاطرات بارشی, خشکسالی,سیل, حوضههای آبریز حله ومند
Zoning, rainfall hazards, drought, flood,Helle and Mond basin.
13
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http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-332-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
said
balyani
سعید
بلیانی
ybalyani52@yahoo.com
10031947532846001715
10031947532846001715
No
yones
khosravi
یونس
خسروی
khosravi@znu.ac.ir
10031947532846001716
10031947532846001716
Yes
alireza
abbasi semnani
علیرضا
عباسی سمنانی
a.abbasi1353@gmail.com
10031947532846001717
10031947532846001717
No