Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards
Literature & Humanities
http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2423-7892
2588-5146
10.61186/jsaeh
fa
jalali
1400
6
1
gregorian
2021
9
1
8
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
روند تغییرات مولفههای جوی چرخه آب (بارش و آبقابلبارش) در حوضههای آبریز ایران
The trend of atmospheric water cycle components (precipitation and precipitable water) in catchments of Iran
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<strong>یکی از چالشهای مهم در عصر حاضر، رقابت جهت دسترسی به منابع آب میباشد. </strong><strong>بارش به عنوان یکی از عناصر بنیادی چرخه آبشناختی و سامانه اقلیم،</strong><strong> دارای تغییرپذیری زمانی و مکانی بالایی بهویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشکی مانند ایران است. تغییرات زمانی آن به علت تغییرپذیری رطوبت و گردش جو</strong> <strong>میباشد. به همین منظور در این پژوهش روند تغییرات همزمان آبقابلبارش (رطوبت جو) و بارش بر روی حوضههای آبریز ایران جهت شناسایی ارتباط بین تغییرات این دو متغیر بررسی شده است. برای این هدف داده</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">‎</span></strong><strong>های ماهانه بازکاوی شده (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">ERA5</span></strong><strong>) بارش و آبقابلبارش از مرکز پیشبینی میان مدت اروپا (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">ECMWF</span></strong><strong>) در بازه 1979- 2019 اخذ گردید. روند تغییرات ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه این دو متغیر با استفاده از آزمون من-کندال بررسی شد. نتایج حاکی از روند کاهشی هر دو متغیر، در فصل زمستان در حوضه­های آبریز شرق و نواحی مرکزی کشور و در مقابل روند افزایشی هر دو متغیر در فصل پاییز در اکثر حوضهها آبریز دارد. بررسی سالانه نشان داد بارش در حوضههای شرقی کشور روند کاهشی را تجربه کردهاند اما آبقابلبارش در حوضههای غرب، جنوب، جنوبغرب و شمال روند افزایشی داشته است. این تحقیق نشان داد که پتانسیل رخداد بارشهای رگباری و شاید سنگین، به دلیل افزایش آبقابلبارش، میتواند بیشتر گردد. </strong><strong><span dir="LTR"></span></strong>
<strong>The role of environmental and climatic environment on the transport and emission of carbon monoxide pollutants Iran in </strong><strong><span dir="RTL">2018</span></strong><br>
<br>
<strong>Introduction</strong><br>
Air pollution, as one of the most important environmental hazards in urban areas, is closely related to weather conditions. Today, pollution in metropolitan areas has become an important issue that requires the study and presentation of practical solutions to improve living conditions in this area. Therefore, understanding the relationship between synoptic systems and air pollutants helps a lot in how to solve environmental problems and future planning. Therefore, in this study, compression algorithms of carbon monoxide emission and transfer from domestic and foreign sources were analyzed. For this purpose, GEOS-5 / GMAO / NASA satellite images were used. The results showed that the highest amount of pollution from the seasonal point of view is related to the cold and early morning seasons and the lowest is related to the early afternoon and hot season of the year. And Khuzestan are densely populated carbon monoxide cores. Low pressures of the eastern Mediterranean play an important role in reducing pollutants in the southwest of the country and in the south of the country, under the influence of atmospheric currents from the topographic cut of Bandar Abbas, air streams polluted with carbon monoxide are able to penetrate into the interior to the southern half of Kerman. Increased by low pressure systems in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Zagros Mountains also play an important role in preventing the entry of pollutants produced by western neighbors into Iran. In summer, Iran is polluted by carbon monoxide carriers by monsoon currents from central and southern Africa to Iran and has caused a lot of pollution. <span dir="RTL"></span><br>
<br>
<strong><span dir="LTR">materials and Method</span></strong><br>
The geographical location we study in this study is Iran. Iran is the 16th largest country in the world. Iran is located in the northern hemisphere, the eastern hemisphere in Asia and in the western part of the Iranian plateau and is one of the Middle Eastern countries. Meridian 5 44 passes east of the westernmost point of Iran and meridian 18 63 passes east of the easternmost point of Iran. 1648195 sq km is bordered by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, Turkey and Iraq to the west, the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman to the south. Iran is one-fifth the size of the United States and almost three times France. . Iran is a mountainous country. More than half of the country is covered by mountains and heights, and less than 1/4 of it is arable land. In general, Iran's heights can be divided into four mountain ranges: North, West, South and Central Mountains. East divided, which is therefore the twenty-third highest mountain in the world. <br>
This study is based on the method of environmental analysis to focus on circulation, so that based on the concentration of carbon monoxide in 2018, synoptic patterns of this phenomenon have been identified. Satellite imagery of surface carbon monoxide was then obtained from three GEOS-5 / GMAO / NASA organizations. Also for synoptic analysis, MSLP and WS satellite images were received and analyzed from GFS / NCEP / US National Weather Service organizations and also one of the sensors used for pollutant studies is MOPITT. The MOPITT sensor is a tool for measuring troposphere pollution that can detect atmospheric pollution. This sensor is the first satellite sensor designed for use in gas correlation spectroscopy and is part of NASA's Operational Program (ESE), which has been operating since 1999 and is installed on three satellites Terra, Aura, Aqua Depending on the type of mission in space, it acts as an orbiter. This sensor measures only two variables of methane and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of the troposphere of the atmosphere, for which purpose 3 bands and 8 channels for measuring monoxide with a size of 62.4 microns (using 4 channels), 33.2 It uses microns (using 2 channels) and methane measuring 26.2 microns (using 2 channels). The MOPITT sensor is specifically designed to measure carbon monoxide. The geographical boundaries of the study area were also selected to include all atmospheric systems affecting the study area. <span dir="RTL"></span><br>
<br>
<strong><span dir="LTR">Conclusion</span></strong><br>
The meteorological condition and the physical and dynamic properties of the atmosphere can play an important role in the level of air protection. The main factor that can cause the scattering and transmission of air forces is the use of the ground and the levels of reception of the atmosphere, and the synoptic systems as a service provider providing services for upward movement and distribution of air pollutants, as well as the definition of chalk. As a decision made in this field, Iran can use its images in this field in 2018 2018, MSLP, WS will provide you with GFS / NCEP / US National Weather Service. With great intensity you can go to Tehran and southwest to destroy yourself and access your officials. In the imagination carbon monoxide is possible and used in the southwest of the country. Now in your country and change the status of lists proposed by Coriolis, increase the high pressure of carbon monoxide in Mr. Tropical from the Middle East and Iran. This program allows you to modify your suggested lists. Carbon monoxide pollutants sent to a drawer in the international province of the country and available in Bandar Abbas, a road nest free from high mountains and as a corridor company you can get from this par of the air pollution as carbon monoxide through the air to this one Use the land up to the Kerman province. <span dir="RTL"></span><br>
<strong><span dir="RTL"></span></strong><br>
<strong><span dir="LTR">Keywords</span></strong><span dir="LTR">: Carbon monoxide, Compression systems, Monson, Atmospheric pollution, Topography</span><br>
آب قابلبارش, بارش, رطوبت جو, تغییرپذیری, من-کندال, ERA5
precipitation, precipitable water, humidity, variability, Man-Kendall test, ERA5
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http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-65-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mostafa
karimi
مصطفی
کریمی
mostafakarimi.a@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846009223
10031947532846009223
Yes
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
Sousan
Heidari
سوسن
حیدری
Heidari.s@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846009224
10031947532846009224
No
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
Somayeh
Rafati
سمیه
رفعتی
rafati@jau.ac.ir
10031947532846009225
10031947532846009225
No
Department of Human science, University of Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi
دانشگاه سیدجمالدین اسدآبادی، دانشکده ادبیات، گروه جغرافیا، استادیار اقلیم شناسی