@article{ 
author = {aghazadeh, firuz and rostamzadeh, hashem and valizadehkamran, khalil},  
title = {Real-time detection of wildlife using NOAA/AVHRR data Study area :(Kayamaki Wildlife Refuge)}, 
abstract ={Real-time detection of forest fire using NOAA/AVHRR data Study area :(Kayamaki Wildlife Refuge)   Extended Abstract Introduction Land and forest fires are one of the most common problems in the world that cause various disturbances in forest and land efficiency. Real-time fire detection is crucial to prevent large-scale casualties. In order to identify early fire in areas where there is a high risk of fire, it is necessary to monitor these areas regularly. Forest monitoring is a technique used to detect fires in the past using traditional techniques such as surveillance, helicopter and aircraft. Today, satellite imagery is one of the most imperative and effective tools for detecting active fires in the world. Materials and Methods In this study, NOAA/AVHRR images were used for fire detection and MODIS products were applied for evaluation and validation. Fire Detection Algorithms There are several algorithms for detecting fires using satellite imagery. In this study, 3 algorithms of Giglio, extended and IGPP were used. The selection of these algorithms was due to the extensive background research in most of the previous studies that used them and the results of these algorithms, especially the IGPP, were far more than other algorithms. Giglio Algorithm Giglio et al., (1999) criticized Arino and Melinott (1993) threshold as too high for certain regions of the world such as tropical rain forests, temperate climates and marshes where the air temperature for small fires (100 m3) is usually between 308 and 314 degrees Kelvin. They believed that the smaller fires were not fully recognized by Arino and Melinott (1993) thresholds. They concluded that in suburban forests 60% of fires had temperatures below 320K of which 70% were in rainforests and 85% happened in the Savanna. Thus, the threshold cannot be applied on a large scale and it is only applicable for a regional scale. IGBP Algorithm The IGBP fire detection algorithm is implemented in two steps. The first step is the threshold test in which a pixel in micrometers (11.03 μm) minus the band 4 is greater than 8 degrees Kelvin, the desired pixel being considered as a potential fire pixel. Band 3 (3.9 μm) exceeds 311 K, and band 3 illumination temperature is 3.9. Developed Algorithm This algorithm is used to detect small and large fires (both at night and day).   Interpretation of the Results After selecting fire detection algorithms, pre-processing (geometric, radiometric and atmospheric corrections), processing (applying fire relationships and fire formulas for fire detection) and post-processing (evaluating and validating the results), the fires were identified by the fire algorithms (images). Final results of fires identified for 2016 and 2017 (for 4 days) by fire algorithms indicate that fires identified by Giglio algorithm were 22 cases, those by IGPP algorithm were 27 cases and the ones by the developed algorithm were 15 cases. For this reason, the IGPP algorithm can be taken as the most appropriate algorithm in this study for fire detection using satellite imagery. Evaluation of fires identified through MODIS products To evaluate identified fires, after recognizing them with relevant algorithms, we used MODIS products for their evaluation (due to the lack of ground data on the days studied for evaluation). MODIS products were obtained from sites where the location of each fire was reported. For the evaluation of identified fires based on fire detection algorithms with MODIS products, 10 fire occurrences were used. The evaluation results express that out of 10 fires only 7 fires were recognized by the algorithms of MODIS products. 5 fire events were identified by Giglio algorithm (from 7 fires), 6 fires from IGBP (out of 7 fires), and 3 fire events from 7 extended algorithm were selected as fire pixels. Comparison of the implications of the fire algorithms The implications of fire occurrence algorithms indicate that the IGBP algorithm with 6 fires (out of 7 tested fires with error rate of 14% and with the number of fires detected (86%)), Giglio algorithm with 5 fires (out of 7 tested fires, with error rate of 28% and with the number of fires (72%)) and the developed algorithm with 3 fires (out of 7 fires tested with an error rate of 57% and with fire rate of 43%) have been identified. Therefore, it is concluded that the IGBP is the most appropriate algorithm for real-time fire detection, followed by Giglio and the developed algorithm in second and third orders, respectively. Keywords:Real Time Fire Detection, Fire Algorithms, NOAA/AVHRR, Kiamaki Wildlife Refuge.  },  
Keywords = {Real-time fire detection, fire algorithms, NOAA / AVHRR, Kayamaki Wildlife Refuge.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.2},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2916-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2916-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadpour, kaveh and Saligheh, Mohammad and DarvishiBloorani, Ali and Raziei, Tayeb},  
title = {Analysis and Comparing Satellite Products and Simulated of AOD in West Iran (2000-2018)}, 
abstract ={Analysis and Comparing Satellite Products and Simulated  Of AOD in West Iran (2000-2018)   Kaveh Mohammadpour, Ph.D. Student in Climatology, Kharazmi University of Tehran Mohammad Saligheh, Associate Professor in Climatology, Kharazmi University of Tehran Ali Darvishi Bloorani, Assistant Professor in RS & GIS, Tehran University Tayeb Raziei, Assistant Professor in Climatology, SCWMRI, Iran   Introduction Dust are the main type of aerosols that affects directly and indirectly radiation budget. In addition, those affect the temperature change, cloud formation, convection, and precipitation. In recent years, the increase of different sensors and models has made possible to research the dust. The most important studies about dust analysis has been considered of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) as the most key parameter, which are based on the use of remote sensing technique and global models for analyzing the behavior and dynamics of dust in recent two decades. To achieve this, it has used of MODIS and MACC to study and identify the behavior of dust in the last two decades over west Iran.   Materials and methods Areas in this study are Ilam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Lorestan and Hamedan provinces. The area has studied of two data series such as: first is MACC data with a spatial precision of 14 km2 and a 3-hour time scale; and other one is MODIS sensor production on the Terra satellite with a 10-square-kilometers resolution. In order to analyze the dust in the area in the period 2000 to 2018, statistical methods and simulation has used of the AOD parameter in MACC and MODIS. Before any processing, the data regraded to 0.2 × 0.2 degrees in order to compare the data. Then, the average daily AOD formed in a 22 × 23 matrix with 560 pixels that presented with 3653 × 560 for MACC during 2003 to 2012 and 6489 × 560 for MODIS during 2000-2018. Average of daily AOD obtained of MACC and MODIS calculated using of statistical equations. Then, the spatial distribution of AOD during the dusty months for synoptic stations and total province surface extracted using of R packages during the daily time series of the periods. Finally, the spatial distribution of the obtained AOD interpolated using the kriging function.   Results and Discussion The average annual AOD obtained from Deep Blue algorithm from MODIS was less than MACC in all of the interested stations, except for Hamedan and Khorramabad stations, and provinces surfaces. Correlation of AOD between MODIS and MACC shown that the correlations is high between model and sensor data (R2 = 59). In addition, the spatial correlation map shows 0.38 to 0.76 in which indicates a significant relationship between the MACC and MODIS pixels and the relationship is more in the western provinces of the area than the northeast of the region (Hamedan). The monthly comparison of the mean of AOD of the sensor and the model in the whole the area shows a highest correlation between the AOD in February and October. The interpolation of the spatial distribution in the decade of the study (2003-2012) in MACC showed that the spatial variations of AOD is decreasing from the south of Ilam to the north of Kurdistan and reached the lowest level in the north of Kurdistan province. In general, the findings of annual and seasonal spatial distribution (dry period) of dust showed that MACC overestimated AOD compared to MODIS in the area. Nonetheless, the dust pattern in both of the sensor and the model increased from south to north. Although, the dust pattern is more regular in the sensor than the model. The spatial distribution of dust in Ilam, Kermanshah, and Kurdistan provinces in MODIS and MACC shows that dust in the southern point of the Ilam province has the highest concentration and the lowest is observed in the northeast of Kurdistan province. This spatial distribution of dust showed that dust in western provinces of the area follow latitudinal trend , in which is influenced by the high topography of Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces and the proximity of Ilam province to dust sources in the distribution of dust intensity.   Conclusion The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the sensor and the model and the coefficient was more than 0.4 in all months on the area. The findings of the annual amount of dust in MODIS showed that the amount of dust in the years 2000 to 2009 has increased in whole areas and from 2009 onwards, this annual trend has been reduced by 2018. MACC findings also showed that the AOD has been growing up in the period, although AOD amount have had a steep slope by 2010, but since 2010, dust has a steady slope. Therefore, West Iran has experienced two active (before 2010) and inactive (after 2010) periods in dust during an 18-years period on the area. The findings of MODIS and MACC in the study area indicate that the monthly distribution of dust from April to August has the highest concentration. In general, the annual and seasonal spatial distribution (months with the highest AOD) of dust indicates that the intensity of AOD in MACC was higher than MODIS in the area. Although the sensor and model has a roughly similar pattern and increases from south to north, but the trend in MODIS is more regular than MACC.   Keywords: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), MACC, MODIS, West Iran        },  
Keywords = {Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), MACC, MODIS, West Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {15-32}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.3},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2938-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2938-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {negaresh, Hossein and Fotoohi, Samad and soraya, rez},  
title = {Identification of the factors influencing the hazards and the difference in the volume of sediment accumulated in the villages of Nimroz}, 
abstract ={Identification of the factors influencing the hazards and the difference in the volume of sediment accumulated in the villages of Nimroz   Abstract Seasonal lakes or playas are considered as a major source of wind sediments and dust storms due to locating in post-topographic areas in dry and desert areas with strong winds system and also the presence of fine-grained and separated particles. Sediments and wind deposits in Sistan have caused the lives of thousands of people in these areas and especially the students to be at risk. The volume of wind sediments in this county has been multiplied in the last ten years; therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors on the volume difference of accumulated wind sediments in the schools of the villages of Nimroz County. The research method in this study is quite field and as direct observation, besides library resources has also been used. After the initial investigations, it was found that the geographical location, type of soil and topography have little effect on the volume difference of accumulated sediments in the studied schools. The findings of the study show that the three factors in Bash Delbar area, Hamoon Lake and lack of agriculture and the lack of vegetation in Deh Isa area are the most important factors in increasing or decreasing the volume of wind sediments.   Keywords: wind deposits, primary schools, Human Beast, the lake plain, the city of Nimroz  },  
Keywords = {wind deposits, primary schools, Human Beast, the lake plain, the city of Nimroz},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {33-48}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.4},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2785-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2785-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {zohrevandi, hassan and khorshiddost, ali mohamad and sarisaraf, behroz},  
title = {Prediction of Climate Change in Western of Iran using Downscaling of HadCM3 Model under Different Scenarios}, 
abstract ={Prediction of Climate Change in Western of Iran using Downscaling of HadCM3 Model under Different Scenarios   Hassan Zohrehvandi 1, Ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust 2, Behrouz Sari Sarraf 3 1- Ph.D student of Climatology, University of Tabriz, Email:  H.zohrehvandi@gmail.com  Mobile number:+989181502513 2 - Associate Professor of Climatology, University of Tabriz, Email:           Mobile number:  3- Associate Professor of Climatology, University of Tabriz, Email:        Mobile number:   Abstract    Considering that water resources are at risk from climate change, the study of temperature and precipitation changes in the coming years can lead to droughts such as droughts, sudden floods, high evaporation and environmental degradation. To this end, global climate models (GCMs) are designed to assess climate change. The outputs of these models have low spatial accuracy. In order to increase the spatial accuracy of this data, downscaling methods are used which are divided into statistical and dynamic methods. One of the reasons for using these models is their quick and easy operation compared to other methods. Our study area consists of Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Hamedan provinces in the west of the country. In this study, observational data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and radiation of 6 synoptic stations in the studied area in the statistical period of 1961 until 2005. In this study, the LARS-WG model was used for downscaling of HadCM3 global model data. The LARS-WG model is one of the most popular weather generator models that which to generation for maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and radiation are used daily under current and future climate conditions. This model as a downscaled version of the same process less complex and simulated data input and output, high ability to predict climate change. The HadCM3 model is also a type of atmospheric- oceanic circulation model developed at the Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research, which has a 2.5 degree latitude network at 3.75 degrees longitude. Also, three climate change scenarios A1B, A2 and B1 have been used, each of which reflects the characteristics of the world's economic growth, the world's population and social awareness. The methodology is that the model receives the monitored data of the basic course; by examining them the statistical characteristics of the data are extracted. Then, in order to validate and ensure the model's capability for the basic statistical period, the model is implemented to re-establish a series of artificial data in the base period. Then the outputs to evaluate the performance of the model in the reconstruction of the data, the statistical characteristics of observations to test and compare various criteria. MAE, MSE, RMSE and R2 criteria were used to evaluate and analyze the performance of the downscaling model. The results showed that the accuracy of the model varies in different stations and parameters, so that the model in simulation of temperature and radiation is more suitable than rainfall simulation. Also, the model has more successful in simulation of maximum temperature in comparison with minimum temperature. In sum, the results of different evaluation criteria indicate that the LARS-WG model has a good accuracy for the downscaling of the parameters studied in the study area. After evaluating the LARS-WG model and ensuring its appropriateness, the data was generated by the model for three climate change scenarios using the HadCM3 model. The results of the monthly review of the parameters studied at the station indicate that precipitation in the 2050s at all stations except Saralpul Zahab and Sanandaj stations according to the three scenarios studied in most months except December, January And at some stations, sometimes in November and February, they were lower than the base period, and rainfall is expected to decrease over the 20 years period (2046-2065), but the situation for Sanandaj and Saralpul Zahab stations is somewhat different, which, according to some scenarios, has increased in most months of the year, and according to some scenarios, rainfall has decreased in some months and it seems that the precipitation pattern is shifted The end of the warm season. But the rainfall situation is completely different in the 2080s, and rainfall has decreased in all stations and in most months of the year. The average monthly of the minimum and maximum temperatures as well as the amount of radiation shows that all three parameters will increase in all months of the year based on all three scenarios, as well as in the two decades studied (2080 and 2050) And its rate would increase in the decade than in the previous decade. According to the results, the amount of precipitation decreases in study area and the temperature and radiation will increase as well. The rate of precipitation decrease in the following periods will be 7.7% in the region than in the base period, and the minimum and maximum temperatures in the long-term was increase at the region 3.4 and 3.4 degrees Celsius, respectively, compared to the average period of the base. The radiation increase was 0.38 mJ /m2 in Area level. The results of this research can help to solve the challenges of water resource managers and planners in future periods.   Keywords: Climate Change, downscaling, west of Iran, General Circulation model, LARS-WG        },  
Keywords = {Climate Change, downscaling, West Country, General Circulation model, LARS-WG},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {49-64}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.5},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2741-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2741-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kiani, Tayebeh and Hydrad, Nadim and Parastoo, Ghaforpur Anbar},  
title = {Active tectonics of the Roudbar region: with special reference to the landslides of the area}, 
abstract ={Active tectonics of the Roudbar region: with special reference to the landslides of the area   Tayebeh Kiani, Assistant Prof. in geomorphology, Kharazmi University tayebeh.kiani@gmail.com   Hyrdad Nadim, MSc in environmental geology, geological hazards trends, Geological Survey & Mineral Exporation of Iran hirad.nadim@gmail.com   Parastoo Ghaforpur Anbaran, PH.D Student in Geomorphology, Kharazmi University parastooghaforpur@yahoo.com       Extended abstract: Introduction: Due to its specific morphology and extensive tectonic activities, Roudbar rigion has always been affected by various geological hazards such as earthquakes, floods, biological pollution and landslides, which landslide is one of the most active phenomena in the region of this vast And mountainous area. Within the Roudbar geological sheet, 11 large and small landslides have been recorded with different yields and properties, some of which have catastrophic consequences, including the Roudbar and Fatalak landslides, which occurred as a result of the earthquake of June 31, 1990 Has caused devastating events in the Roudbar area and resulted in casualties and financial losses. Extreme performance of tectonic phases, which enact a major role in landslides, construction factors, road and rail, Steep slopes of topography, Sloping Loose Materials, are a various factors in the occurrence of such landslides. Due to the fact that landslide is predictive, preventive and sustainable, it is important to identify and zoning in the country and province and Perform basic geological studies in prone araes to landslides with a large scale. Due to the high potential of the region for the subsequent landslides and the properties of the intact areas with the old landslide areas, In present research, it is necessary to determine the most important factor in landslide occurrence in Roudbar area through field investigations and based on that, plan management will happen for controlling landslide phenomenon. Eventually, using geomorphic indices, the tectonic activity status of the Roudbar region is determined, and with the adaptation of the location of landslides and faults with the tectonic activity zones map, relationship between tectonic and landslide are investigated. Also, the risk zone, where there is a probability of landslide instability, is determined. Method: The study area is located at 45 ° 36 'to 30 '45 ° 36' north latitude and 30 '22 ° 49' to 49 ° 49 'east longitude. Roudbar is one of the southern cities of Gilan province, which has a reputation for having olive gardens, and is named after its seasonal and permanent rivers. Roudbar city leads to from north to Rasht, south to Roudbar Alamut (from Qazvin province), from east to Lahijan and from west to Fomen city.  In the first phase, based on ground surveys and laboratory studies, the geological map in the scale of 1: 25,000 and other required data, limited area and Condition landslides are identified on aerial photos and satellite imagery. In the second phase of this research, geomorphic indicators the mountain front sinuosity index (Smf), the ratio of width to depth valley floor (Vf), Stream Length Index (SL), Basin Shape (Bs), Asymmetry Factor (AF) are used. Then, the results of the indicators are presented as a tectonic activity index (LAT). Conclusion: Based on ground surveys and laboratory studies, the geological map in the scale of 1: 25000 and other required data, limited area and Condition landslides are identified on aerial photographs and satellite imagery. Based on this, it was found that Roudbar landslides were more affected by structural factors and weight (slope loading) has taken place. It seems Structural factors hidden in most of the landslides in the region. Based on the results of the tectonic activity relative index (Lat), most sub-basins have high and moderate tectonic activity. In term of width, the intense class includes with 195.55 square kilometers (67.21%) of the total area. The integration of different tectonic zones with the location of the landslide zones of the region, the close relationship between the zones with intense and moderate tectonic activity with the landslide zones designated in the first part of this study shows that the zones with Fatalak, Lavie, Roudbar, Filde landslides are in areas with intense tectonic activity and The landslides of Dashtgan, Talabar, Taklim, Nesfi, Dolatabad, Herzavil are located in the moderate tectonic activity zone. Based on ground surveys, the results of calculations of geomorphic indices indicate the relation between the activity of the land area and the landslide hazard. Considering the inevitability of the faults' activity and the resulting hazards, it is suggested that, in order to improve the country's substructure development, more detailed and larger scales on the landslide mechanism introduced in this research (Including determination of gradient safety factors (FS), calculation of the risk of slipping region and applying slope stability and safety methods, etc.), be done Systematicly and in coordination with organizations and related departments. Keywords: Active tectonic, Geographic Information System, Geomorphic indices, Landslide, Roudbar.  },  
Keywords = {Geographic Information System, Geomorphic indices, landslide, Active tectonic, Roudbar},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {65-88}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.6},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2780-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2780-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jahanbakhshasl, Saeid and SariSarraf, Behruz and Asakereh, Hosein and Shirmohamadi, soheil},  
title = {The study  of temporal - spatial changes of high extreme rainfalls in west of Iran(1965-2016)}, 
abstract ={The study of temporal - spatial changes of high extreme rainfalls in west of Iran (1965-2016)    Extended Abstract Introduction                                    Rainfall is one of the appropriate weather parameters not only in describing weather condition in one specific area but also is in estimating potential impacts of climate change in the environment and in many economic and social systems. Some studies show that during half a century weather patterns by more and severe raining events and by changes in scheduling and rain status has been changed. From 1960s with its much slope, the abundance and severity of extreme rainfalls throughout the world has increased and it is expected to continue the increase until the end of the current century. So understanding the behavior of extreme events is one of the main aspects of climate change and the increase of information about heavy rains has utmost importance for society, especially for the population who lives in areas with increased flood risk. According to above mentioned cases and abnormal behavior and irregular rainfalls in Iran and its high variability from one hand and Iran's west region ability to heaviness and extension of rainfalls on the other hand, the necessity of understanding and study of temporal and spatial dangerous rainfalls is recognized. Among extreme rainfall characteristics, the portion of such rainfalls in total rain production is studied less.   Due to the experiments carried out, the increase of annual rainfall in Iran happens through heavy rainfalls. Therefore heavy rainfall portions out of total annual rainfalls can be defined as an index of crisis. The increase of this index implies the heavy floods in rainy years and severe drought and drought years.   Data and Method Iran's west region including East and West Azerbaijan provinces, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamadan, Lorestan, and Ilam consists of about 14 percent of Iran's total area. The height of this region includes a domain of 100 to about 4000 meters. Zagros mountain ranges are the most important characteristic of west of Iran, which are drawn from north-west to south-east. In this research, we used network data from interpolation daily rainfall observation of 823 meteorology stations from January 1st up to December 31st, 2016 by using Kriging interpolation method and by separating 6×6 km spatial. The results formed matrix interpolation process by dimension of 18993×6410. This matrix has the rain status of 6410 points of west of Iran for every day rainfall (18993). Extreme rain falls are identified in terms of threshold of 95 percentile in each point and each day of year. The rainfall of each day and each pixel is compared to that related pixel and corresponding to that day and those days which their rainfalls rates were equal to or larger than threshold were identified for studying extreme rain fall portion in total yearly rainfall, the total of equal rainfalls and more than 95 percentile is calculated for each year and each of pixel and, it is divided to total of the same pixel rainfalls in that year. We used the least squarely error for understanding temporal- spatial behavior of regression.   Results and Discussion The average extreme rain falls in west of Iran is under the influence of their roughness and placement and also synoptic rainfall. The proof of this claim identifies through placement of average extreme rainfall over altitudes of region. By increasing geographical latitude in Iran's western provinces, it is decreased both of total extreme rainfalls and portion of such rainfall out of total yearly rainfall. Total extreme rainfall trend shows a frequency in a domain with 16 mm in each year. The negative trend of total rainfall with the area of 74.72 percent consists of three quarters of Iran's west. The narrow strip of the west of Kurdistan and south-west of west Azerbaijan have the highest amount of positive trend which is meaningful in certainty level of 95 percent. The study of process showed the ratio of extreme rainfalls portion to total yearly rainfall, which is increasing about 60.7 percent of west area of this country extreme rainfalls in total yearly rainfall and the greatest part of this area is located in southern half of the studied area. The negative trend also is located in northern half and they have consisted of 39.29 percent of studied area of these, only in 29.81 percent of region, the trend ratio of extreme rainfalls to total yearly rainfalls are meaningful in certainty level of 95 percent. Keywords: Extreme Rainfalls, Trend, 95 Percentile, Rainfall Portion, west of Iran.  },  
Keywords = {Extreme Rainfalls, Trend, 95 Percentile, Rainfall Portion, west of Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {89-106}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.7},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2926-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2926-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {hamidi, mohamad saeid and alipuor, abbas and alipuori, ehs},  
title = {Spatial Analysis of Tourism Capacity of Desert Areas and Its Role in Social Sustainability}, 
abstract ={The geographical location of Yazd province has greatly influenced the creation of spatial and climatic diversity and the provision of appropriate facilities for the formation of various natural and cultural attractions. Nevertheless, these areas need more attention in terms of the potential of tourism development for social sustainability. This research is done with the aim of spatial analysis of tourism capacity of desert areas and its role in social sustainability, and according to its nature, it is an applied type. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Documentary and field data are used to collect data. The data were analyzed quantitatively (one-sample T-test, Pearson test and AHP and Barda methods). The findings show that according to the experts' opinion, the effective indicators in identifying tourism capacities are distance from roads, distance from historical attractions, distance from residential centers, distance from natural attractions, type and soil suitability, distance from water resources , Elevation, direction of gradient, slope, land use and precipitation. The results show that 24 percent of the total area of the area has relatively good capacity and is located in the central, eastern and northeastern parts of the province. The most important criteria that have made these areas selected as optimal areas are the density of natural-ecological elements such as the existence of diverse deserts and deserts, geotops, glacier cirques, and historical-cultural elements such as traditional water reservoirs, markets, shrines and temples And so on. Also, 26% of the area has average power, which is mostly located in the east and northeast of the province. Finally, areas with inappropriate and relatively inappropriate power are found in parts of the eastern province of Karshra that occupy 51% of the total area of the zone. The results of measuring the social sustainability status of desert and desert areas based on indicators (population distribution, transport infrastructure, immigration status and deprivation rate) show that Yazd city has the highest ranking and Ardakan, Bafgh, Mehriz , Taft Meybod and Abarkuhh moderate sustainability, and finally Khatam, Saduj and Bahabad are among the unstable and less developed cities of Yazd province. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and social sustainability in different regions of Yazd province at 99% level. This means that areas with demographic, demographic, and low levels of social sustainability have lower attraction and tourism capabilities than other Yazd province cities.},  
Keywords = {spatial analysis, desert and desert, tourism capacity, social stability.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {107-120}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.8},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Najafinejad, Ali and Heravi, Hesam and Bahremand, abdolreza and Zeinivand, Hossei},  
title = {Simulation of Climate Change on river Hydrograph Using WetSpa Model, Case Study: Taleghan Watershed Alborz Province}, 
abstract ={Simulation of Climate Change on river hydrograph Using WetSpa Model, Case Study: Taleghan Watershed Alborz Province Abstract Introduction: One of the major issues in hydrology engineering is the prediction of the flood routing or rising and falling limb river hydrograph, in which the importance of the climate is very evident due to the high volatility and is therefore one of the most important factors to be carefully studied. Climate has been changing ever since. Changes refer to the variability of the long term trends in the state of the climate or average changes in temperature and rainfall that persist for extended period. Important regional water resource vulnerabilities to changes in both temperature and precipitation patterns are documented. Recent analysis from the inter-governmental panel for climate change indicates that the earth as a whole has warmed by about 0.6°C ± 0.2°C over the past century with locally and seasonally varying amounts. The changes in pattern and intensity of precipitation, melting of ice, increasing atmospheric water vapor and others has a significant natural variability on inter annual to decadal that masking the long term trend. Increased evaporation, combined with changes in precipitation characteristics, has the potential to affect runoff, frequency and intensity of floods and droughts, soil moisture, and water supply. Warming of climate system and change in its state variables are highly related to the atmosphere-land-ocean system. The climate modeling science integrates these complex systems with the Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to simulate future climate changes and forecast it for decades and centuries. Climate change scenarios developed from General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the initial source of information for estimating plausible future climate changes. In regional and local climate studies usually coarse-resolution outputs of global climate models are downscaled to produce necessary fine scale data. Statistical downscaling methods are widely used for prediction of climatic variables e.g. precipitation because of importance of these factors in environmental planning and management. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the past and future potential of climate change and its impacts on the hydrologic response of the basin. Data and method of work: In this study, the Taleghan Watershed of the Sefidrood basin was selected as a case study due to its socio-economic significance. Elevation range from 1774 to 4362 m and a mean slope is 40.5%. The mean annual precipitation in the catchment is 591 mm. At first using weather data and meteorological data with a daily step in a 21-year period and three base maps information, including precipitation data from eight stations, temperature and evaporation data from two stations were used as input to the model. Three base maps information i.e. DEM, land use and soil types are prepared in GIS and flow hydrograph was simulated using WetSpa model in Taleghan watershed. For runoff verification, the only river station at the outlet of the catchment was used. Then, for the reference period, daily modeled runoff was compared with observed values at available in the region. In the following Future climate change (precipitation, temperature and evaporation) based on CanESM2 model from the fifth report the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on emission scenario RCP8.5 was used for simulating the flow hydrograph during the next period (2016-2029) and its comparison with the base period (1995-2015). In this study, the performance of Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) was investigated to predict precipitation, temperature and evaporation. Modeled precipitation was compared with observations of 8 available stations in the region, Observed temperatures from two stations were also used for modeled temperature and evaporation verification.   Interpretation of results: Regarding to the outputs and spatially distributed hydrological factors in daily time step the model is capable to analyze topography, soil type, and land use effects on the hydrological behavior of the watershed. Model evaluation results showed that The Nash-Sutcliffe criteria, 76% and accuracy of the simulation show the high performance of the model in this watershed. The results of the research showed that the SDSM model is well advanced to simulate Climate variables. Statistical measures of model performance such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean squared error (MSE) and the analysis of output results from SDSM model shown that this model is able to predict precipitation, temperature and evaporation indexes. According to the results of the CanESM2 model, in the considered scenario (RCP8.5), temperature will increase from 0.5 to 0.6 and Average precipitation in the future 8% will increase. Finally the results showed that in the considered scenario, the average runoff watershed will increase Up to 45% by the climate in the future. Also, the average of runoff will increase in all months of the year (except in October) compared to the base period. This increase is more pronounced for April.             Keywords: Emission Scenario, Flood, Hydrologic Model, River Hydrograph, Simulation                               * Corresponding author: najafinejad@gau.ac.ir  },  
Keywords = {Emission scenario, Flood, River Hydrograph, Simulation, Spatially Distributed Hydrological Model},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {121-134}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.9},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3023-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3023-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salahi, Bromand and Behrozi, Mahomu},  
title = {Investigating the effect of desert micro-organisms on vegetative traits and yield of grapevine in Shiraz}, 
abstract ={ Investigating the effect of desert micro-organisms on vegetative traits and yield of grapevine in Shiraz   Extended Abstract   Introduction  Mineral aerosols as a pollution of atmosphere has become a global concern with environmental impacts on human, Vegetable and transportation system. Plants exposed to aerosol exhibit morphological and physiological changes. Dust particles is one of the aerosols in the atmosphere which deposits on the leaf of plants can alter their available light of photosynthesis. This interferes with gas exchange of CO2 between the leaf and air of environment, and the reduction of leaf stomatal conductance. Finally reduction the yield of plants. Grapevines Vitis vinifera. Askari, are grown extensively in the Shiraz city. The period from March to July coincides with extensive shoot and fruit which these processes depend on environment conditions. Any stress reducing fruit set and leaf characterizes, will negatively affect grapevine productivity. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of dust deposits on grapevine leaves and to estimate the impact on vegetative traits and yield of grapevine.   Method  Experiments were implemented on 36 grapevines V.vinifera L. cv. Askari in the form of RCBD with drip irrigation during 2017-2018 from late March to July when the buds grow until the harvest. Treatments included: T1) artificial dust sprayed on canopy of vine by a manually operated duster, T2) washing canopy of vines using well water in the field after spraying artificial dust, and T3) control. Artificial dust particles were collected from uncultivated areas of Azadegan plain in Khuzestan province. To provide suitable fine particles, the soil was grinded, milled and sieved using a mesh size of 200 opening per inches. The physical and chemical tests were performed using an X-ray diffraction device. A dust chamber and a dust generator were constructed to simulate dust. A mechanical apparatus consisted of a 50-cm pipe and a ventilation fan was also used. The chamber was made of a plastic sheet with 2×2×1.5 m dimensions. To evaluate chlorophylls a and b concentration, used by spectrophotometer in wavelengths of 647 nm and 663 nm. Single Leaf Area Index (LAI) was calculated by image processing method Win-Area-Ut_10 system. The sugar content of grapes was determined by measuring the Refrectometer BME center index of their juice sugar. Also measured the RWC, fruit set percentage, Length of Branch Leaf Dry Weight and Yield.   Results The mean of particle size was 10.6 μm and the chemical composition of these particles included Silicon Oxide, Sodium Sulfate, Na = 6.14 mg/L, K = 10.73 mg/L, Ca = 23.9 meq/L and Mg = 3.5 meq/L. Chlorophyll a and b content decreased by dust particles treatment in the throughout the phonological stages of grapevine and had a significantly different as compared to washing and control treatments. RWC was reduced in the dust treatment as compared to the washing and control treatment (P < 0.05). The maximum of Leaf Area Index (131 cm2) was obtained in the control and the minimum (86 cm2) was obtained in the dust treatment. The maximum percentage of fruit set was obtained in the washing treatment (24%). but, the lowest fruit set trait (18%) was found in the dust treatment. The highest TSS (22.7 %) was observed in the washing treatment and the lowest TSS (18.1%) was seen in the dust treatment. The difference among the numbers of berries among treatments was significant (P < 0.05). The highest and the lowest numbers of berries were observed in the washing treatment (87 berries per bunch) and the dust treatment (49 berries per bunch). The heaviest bunch was observed in the washing treatment (158.7 g), while the lightest bunch weight (100 g) was observed in the dust treatment which had significantly difference with control and washing treatments. The highest yield (22.5 kg/vine) was observed in the washing treatment and the lowest yield (7.9 kg/vine) was observed in the dust treatment, whereas control produced 19.5 kg/vine averagely.   Conclusion It was found that dust accumulation on the surface of leaf grapevine Askari induces some physiological changes such as a reduction of photosynthetic pigments, relative water content and leaf area. Deposition of dust particles on flower of grape led to decrease of reproductive trait, but washing vine by water led to improvement of production. As a result, washing of vine also increased grape production as compared to the control treatment. According to the results, dust particles reduced fruit set by deposition on flower and they were identified as an environmental stress on grapevine. More importantly, the results revealed that yield of grapevine was adversely affected by dust deposits over a short interval of time during the fruit set. Therefore, the fruit set stage, in which the fruit is formed, was recognized as the most important stage in plant production. It was also found that removal of dust particles from the plant leaves by washing methods can reduce the effects of dust particles.   Keywords: Dust, Chlorophyll, Fruit, Sugar, Shiraz.      },  
Keywords = {Dust, Chlorophyll, Fruit, Sugar, Shiraz},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {135-152}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.10},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3072-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3072-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {moradi, Aydin and emadodin, somaye and Arekhi, saleh and rezaei, khalil},  
title = {Earth subsidence analysis using radar interferometry technique, geotechnical and piezometric wells (case study: Urban region 18 Tehran )}, 
abstract ={   },  
Keywords = {subsidence, Tehran, Radar interferometry, Geotechnics, Groundwater, GIS, SNAP},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {153-176}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.11},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2890-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2890-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {pazhoh, farsh},  
title = {Identification of the effective jet stream patterns in the heavy Precipitation of the cold season in the southern half of Iran}, 
abstract ={ Identification of the Effective Jet Stream Patterns In the Heavy Precipitation of the Cold Season In the Southern Half of Iran Farshad Pazhoh[1], PhD in Synoptic Climatology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran   Every year, important parts of a large part of our country are affected by the climatic hazards of heavy precipitation and lots of damages are done to the country. If the generating circulation patterns of heavy precipitation waves will identify, its occurrence can be predicted from at least one or two days before the beginning of the sequence of patterns ending in floods (Alijani, 2006, 156). Occurrence of heavy precipitation, so that its amount is more than the soil penetration capacity, causes runoff and floods. Now, if these heavy precipitations occur in urban areas, it is associated with more dangers, because the permeability in urban areas is less than in out-of-town areas, and a significant amount of such precipitation in urban areas has turned into runoff and floods. Cause damages to places, buildings and urban facilities (Taheri Behbahani and Bozorgzadeh, 1996, 2). Two sets of data were used to conduct this research. One is surface data and the other is high atmospheric data. For this purpose, in the first category, the related precipitation data of the cold season of 8 synoptic stations in the southern half of Iran (Table 2) in the period from December 1, 1970 to March 31, 2014 were obtained from the Meteorological Organization. To identify the occurrence of heavy precipitation leading to major floods in the study area, considering that heavy precipitation has covered more than 50% of stations and the precipitation of each station is more than 95% during the study period.     Considering the above two conditions, 61 heavy and pervasive precipitations were selected from the total precipitations above the percentile of 95% of the stations. In the second category, high atmospheric data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States. The synoptic scale in order to tracking the troposphere synoptic patterns includes a longitude of 20 west degrees to 100 east degrees and a latitude of 0 to 80 north degrees. In the selected synoptic scale, 1790 cells are located; the distance between each cell is 2.5 by 2.5 arc degrees.     In order to identify the jet stream patterns, first the factor analysis method with Varimax rotation was applied on the geo potential height data of 500 hPa during the selected 61 days of heavy and pervasive precipitations and found that the first 12 factors explain more than 90%   data’s diffraction. The first factor accounts for about 32% of geo potential height data diffraction (Table 4). In the next step, in order to reduce the data volume and identify the synoptic patterns, the cluster analysis method was performed on the scores of the first 12 factors by the integration method and 4 synoptic patterns affecting the arrangement of the winds were extracted. Then, for each of the identified patterns, a representative day that had the highest correlation with the desired pattern determined (Table 3) and appropriate maps for the representative days of the patterns were drawn and analysed. The results showed that the merged jet stream patterns (subtropical-sub polar), tropical jet stream (ridge-trough), orbital subtropical jet stream and meridian subtropical jet stream were effective in the occurrence of heavy precipitation, which meridian subtropical jet patterns and merged have played the most important role. In the first pattern, the merged jet stream plays role in 16 days and 26.3% of the precipitation days. The merged jet streams core is generally located on the Red Sea, and the subtropical jet stream penetrates from North Africa, and after crossing the Red Sea and northern Saudi Arabia, the left half of the jet stream’s exit covers the whole of the southern and central half of the country. The sub polar jet stream in a northwest-southeast direction from central and the west of the Europe from the centre and west of Europe penetrate to the lower latitudes and from central and eastern part of the Mediterranean and at the entrance part of the left side merge with subtropical jet stream. In the merger pattern, the sub polar jet stream corresponding to the western half of the trough of the middle-level of troposphere plays the role of cold air Advection and transferring the western winds to the lower latitudes, and the subtropical jet stream, corresponds to the eastern half of the trough, play the role of the discharge and divergence of warm and southern humid air on the southern half of the country’s atmosphere. In the second pattern, the subtropical jet stream (ridge-trough structure) with 13 days and 21.3%, generally in Northeast Africa, the subtropical jet stream with a huge ridge structure in direction of northwest to south east extends to the centre of the Red Sea and Saudi Arabia and also the trough structure of   jet stream stretches from north of Iraq to the centre of the Red Sea. This trough structure’s sinkhole of jet stream this subtropical sinkhole has caused the left half of the jet stream's outlet with meridian curvature cover the whole of the southern half and most of the country after crossing Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf. But in the third pattern of the orbital subtropical jet stream, which plays a role in 14 days and 23.4% of heavy and pervasive precipitation days, the jet stream core has the most stretching and range, mainly from the eastern Mediterranean and north of Saudi Arabia to the western half of Iran, and the jet stream structure is completely formed west to east with least meridian structure. The intensity and pervasiveness of precipitations in this pattern such as the second one is weaker than the other patter. However, in the fourth pattern, the meridian sub-tropical jet stream is present as the most frequent pattern with 18 days and 29% of the selected precipitations days.  In this pattern the jet stream has a southwest to northeast direction and the jet stream's core, like the third pattern, generally extends from north of Saudi Arabia to centre of Iran and sometimes to northeast of Iran. The locating of this jet stream with a suitable curvature on the important water resources of the south of the country and corresponding to the north eastern half of the trough from north eastern of Africa to north eastern of Iran after the merged pattern, has caused the most pervasive and intensive precipitations days in the south of the country.   Keywords: Heavy and Pervasive precipitation, Cluster Analysis, Subtropical Jet stream, Low Pressure, Trough, Southern half of Iran   [1] Corresponding Author:                                                                                  Email: climate.synoptic@gmail.com},  
Keywords = {Heavy and Pervasive rainfall, Cluster Analysis, subtropical jet stream, Low Pressure, trough, southern half of Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {177-196}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.12},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2851-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2851-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KHAKSEFIDI, SAIDEH and vasigh, SAIDEH and taban, mohse},  
title = {Proper design of the central courtyard in residential areas against Sadobist-roz-e winds in Zabol using CFD analysis}, 
abstract ={Proper design of the central courtyard in residential areas against Sadobist-roz-e winds in Zabol using CFD analysis Saeide Khaksefidi - Ma Student of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and urban planning, Jundi-shapur University of technology, Dezful, Iran. Behzad Vasigh* - Faculty of Architecture and Urban planning, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran Mohsen Taban - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and urban planning, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran Abstract: Wind erosion occurs in many arid, semiarid and agricultural areas of the world. Sadobist-roz-e winds are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, Sadobist-roz-e winds frequencies and intensities have increased significantly in Iran. A research on Sadobist-roz-e winds sources is important for understanding the mechanisms of dust generation and assessing its socio-economic and environmental impacts. Deserts are the main sources of emitted dust, and are highly responsive to wind erosion. Low content of soil moisture and lack of vegetation cover lead to fine particle’s release. The wind in the eastern part of Iran, Sistan, is one of the most important phenomena in the ecological studies. The intensity and velocity of the wind, has caused environmental problems. This population is distributed in more than 1000 cities, villages and nomadic settlements. Sadobist-roz-e winds is the most significant wind in the region which starts every year at the end of the spring and lasts all through the beginning of autumn, with a mean velocity of 100 km/h. Architecture and urbanization of the Sistan region have been built with the focus on reducing the amount of sand. The orientation and placement of buildings can be effective in reducing the damage to these winds. Sadobist-roz-e winds has increased in zabol since 1999. The average annual number of dust Storm events increased from 10 d during 1990–1998 (before the drought) to 54 d during 1999–2004 (after the drought). The frequency of dust storms also increased 5-fold after 1999 in the region. This shift is associated with an increase in wind speed, rainfall reduction, drying of Hamoun Lake and drought occurrence. The purpose of this paper is to determine the type of obstruction, orientation and enclosure level of the central courtyard so that it can be useful in two areas: wind speed reduction and reduction of dust contamination in the building area. Modeling of buildings is done using 3D software; and simulation of airflow using “Flow3D” Fluid Simulation software has been investigated.  Each time the flow of air was tested in different models. First, two main patterns that were expected to be appropriate to the behavior of the wind were selected. Both of them were simulated and it was found that the concave shape has a better performance. Because in addition to reducing the wind speed, it also causes rotational movement. Then, with emphasis on the central courtyard, various shapes of the layout of the builders in the central courtyard were examined. The result showed that due to the high initial wind speed, in addition to the inflow and outflow contours (in the enclosure court), the positioning and orientation of buildings at different angles, it can also be effective in reducing wind speed and decreasing wind movement. By extending this collection to more buildings and creating congestion conditions, the comfort conditions for the pedestrian were examined. In the following, with a constant elevation of 9, and enclosure (H / D ratio) and wind input to a set of 3, this load was simulated with different angles against the wind. Every time the wind speed and the wind velocity decreases. The best location was selected at a 45-degree angle faced to the wind. Further, with regard to the fact that high wind speeds are observed in the best building layout, natural obstacles were used to reduce wind speed. Among the native trees of Sistan, “Gaz” were selected because of their highest adaptability to the region's climate and for research purposes. Physical characteristics were taken and modeling was done. Each simulation was performed; the best model with a natural barrier against the wind region was identified. Although the research on locality could be highly generalized, the best location in the study, which was close to the definitions, was approached. At last, the results show that buildings or obstacles that are concave to the wind direction are more likely to prevent wind entering the shadows area than most other building types. The type of layout and orientation of the buildings against the wind and the amount of enclosure at the two points of “entry and exit of the wind”, along with the use of natural obstacles, can be very effective in reducing the wind speed and reducing the entry of dust to the comfort level.   Keywords: zabol, sadobistroze winds, CFD simulation, Residential complex, central courtyard  },  
Keywords = {zabol, sadobistroze winds, CFD simulation, Residential complex, central courtyard.},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {197-212}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.29252/jsaeh.7.1.13},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2838-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2838-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2020}  
}