@article{ 
author = {ASGARI, SHAMSOLLAH and Raziei, Tayeb and Jafari, MohamadReza and Hosini, Ahm},  
title = {Assessing the relation ship between forest drying and drought using statistical models in illam province}, 
abstract ={Introducing the appropriate model of oak forest and drought relations in Ilam province Introduction The forest ecosystems of the Zagros vegetation region have a very long history of exploitation in various forms. The material of the Zagros vegetation region is Iranian oak. In recent years, a significant proportion of oak forests have dried up or have experienced drought. Although the main cause of drought in these forests has not been determined yet, in the preliminary studies, factors such as climate change, increasing dust, increasing drought periods, pest infestation and disease, high user changes have been cited as reasons for drought in the Zagros forests. (Hosseinzadeh and Pourhashemi, 1396). Iran's location in the arid and semi-arid zone of the world (sub-tropical region) has often been associated with fluctuations in climatic and atmospheric elements and under the influence of atmospheric currents, synoptic patterns, irregularities in precipitation and temperature patterns (Rahmati, 2016; 1383). Comparison of the effect of climatic variables on healthy masses and affected by the decline of oak in Khorramabad city based on rainfall and temperature data using Pearson correlation coefficient, on annual growth rings of oak trees Effectiveness of drought of oak trees from both series In general, healthy trees have been more affected by monthly and seasonal temperatures and have shown the highest coefficient of correlation with the temperature of the region (Naseri Karimvand et al., 2016). , And the Standardized Rainfall Index (SPI) and the correlation between these two indicators in assessing and monitoring drought in different areas of Isfahan province, the results showed that NDVI plant index can be a good alternative to climatic indicators in drought assessment and monitoring) with the conclusion and colleagues, 2011: 79). Data and Method So from SPI and NDVI indicators and Moran index and statistical regression statistics and satellite images of Modis and Landsat have used to analyze the relationship between dieback of Ilam forests and happened drought in the region. The precipitation data of 93 rain gauge stations were analyzed during the statistical period and according to the dry coefficients of SPI index, drought zoning layers of Ilam province were prepared for two time series of 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019. Greenery's raster layers were prepared from Modis satellite imagery for the mentioned time series. The results of analysis of Moran's statistical showed a significant correlation between the SPI index and the NDVI index in spatial dimensions. By a simple random method, 143 points of oak dieback with dimension of 30 m 2 , which each point was equivalent to a pixel-size, were recorded with a GPS device, and by simulating in satellite imagery, the droplet layer of oak dieback was extracted. Result and Discussion What is debatable about the results of the implementation of methods for obtaining drought ranges and its relationship with oak drought points or masses is that the results of the models show a statistically close and direct relationship between drought and oak drought. . The general trend of oak drought and drought in these two decades has been from the southeast to the northwest of Ilam province, with increasing temperature and decrease in rainfall in the southern and eastern regions of the province and increasing rainfall and decrease in temperature in the central and northwestern regions of Ilam province. The data of the synoptic stations are consistent. Analysis of satellite imagery and declining greenery in the models although the study was aimed at meteorological drought and precipitation fluctuations, but spatial changes of arid points and masses in the province were adapted to field visits and human intervention, especially in the southeast with agriculture. Under the rubble and the remnants of the dried trees, the ax has been placed on the roots of these trees, and this trend is spreading in almost other parts of the arid areas of the province. Therefore, due to the irregularity in the pattern of precipitation and temperature of the research country (Rahmati, 2016; Zandi Army, 2004) and the effect of monthly and seasonal نشریه تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی، سال نهم، شماره 1، بهار 1401 2 temperature on the growth and decline of oak trees in the study (Naseri Karimvand et al., 2016) and other related research and The flooding situation in the basins of Ilam province, the rainfall, the impermeability of the soil and their erosion, and finally the lack of moisture in the months before the oak trees grow in the soil and the increase in temperature in the dry season, which leads to reduced humidity and eventually greenery. Variables affecting oak drying in linear regression are not responsive, but more accurate results will be obtained in multivariate regression, although regression analyzes are spatially empty, and X and Y represent a one-way, quantitative analysis based on the number of dried trees with pixel counts. Drought range is measured which this defect in SPI method despite its spatial and statistical analysis using Moran statistical index due to non-compliance in the coefficients of this index with the range of changes in Moran statistical analysis in statistical analysis is a more appropriate explanatory coefficient than The regression models showed but at a lower level than the NDVI method it placed. The advantage of NDVI method with Moran statistical analysis is the relationship between pixel and pixel, ie in spatial analysis, all pixels that have green changes have been analyzed in the same domain of spatial changes with oak trees. High results and higher statistical explanation coefficient were obtained than other models. Conclusion Although linear regression between extracted oak dieback points with SPI and Moran statistical indicators was significant, but the relationship between NDVI index and Moran statistic has the effect of independent variable of drought trend in spatial and temporal dimensions on the dependent variable process of oak drought with spatial analysis. And nonlinear regression has a more appropriate and accurate statistical significance and explanation. So this method as desirable method has been introduced for analyzing of drought and oak dieback. Keywords: Ilam province, oak forest drought, drought, Moran index},  
Keywords = {Ilam province, oak forest drought, drought, statistical models},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-20}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3137-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3137-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shogrkhodaei, zeinab and Fathnia, amanollah and RazaviTermeh, Vahi},  
title = {"Relationship between Covid-19 and changes in air pollutants using satellite imagery (Case study: Tehran, Isfahan and Mashhad metropolises)"}, 
abstract ={Study the Effects of Covid-19 on Air Pollutants by Using Sentinel-5 Satellite Images (Case Study: Metropolises of Tehran, Isfahan, and Mashhad) Zeinab shogrkhodaei, PHD. Student of Climatology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Geography, Razi University Amanollah Fathnia*, Assistant Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Geography, Razi University Vahid Razavi Termeh, PHD. Student of GIS, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomantic, K. N. Toosi University. Introduction One of the challenges facing the international community right now is Covid-19. This pandemic has caused a comprehensive change in behavior contrary to the usual routine, which can lead to changes in people's lifestyles (Briz-Redón et al., 2021). The prevalence of this disease has not only affected the economy and health, but also the environment (Sohrabi et al., 2020). Among the effects of Covid-19 on the environment are the effects on beaches, noise, surface and groundwater, municipal solid waste, and air quality (Zambrano-Monserrate et al., 2020). The restrictions applied during the Covid-19 era were accompanied by a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by transport and industry, which affected air quality (Rybarczyk and Zalakeviciute, 2020). Air is a vital element for the survival of all living things, but human activities have caused the release of many harmful pollutants into the atmosphere and endangered human health (Ghorani-Azam et al., 2016). Among the causes of death, air pollution is the fourth leading cause of death in the world after tobacco (WHO, 2020a). Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone are some of the pollutants that cause short-term or long-term exposure to heart and lung disease (Briz-Redón et al., 2021). Human activities are one of the main sources of air pollutants, so their concentration is expected to decrease during the Covid-19 period (Ghahremanloo et al., 2021). Materials and methods In this study, the required data were the average monthly pollutants of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone before (20 February 2019 to 20 February 2020) and after (20 February 2020 to 20 February 2021) the prevalence of Covid-19 virus. For this purpose, Sentinel-5P satellite images were used to prepare the required data set. The case study included three metropolises of Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Google Earth Engine was used to access Sentinel-5P satellite images. The final output of the images for each pollutant was interpolated for better display and exposure in GIS software using the kriging method. Then, a T-test was used to compare the differences between the concentrations of contaminants before and after the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and to evaluate the mean correlation. Based on this test, values that were p-value <0.05 were considered significant. This was considered as a change in the concentration of the contaminant before and after the Covid-19 virus (decreasing or increasing). Those pollutants with a p-value <0.05 were considered unchanged. Results and Discussion Analysis of the T-test showed that for pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in all three metropolises, there was no significant change in their concentration before and after the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus. However, significant changes were observed for ozone pollutants. Also, its concentration trend in all three metropolises has been a decreasing trend. The main sources of emissions of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone are related to human activities, including transportation and industry (Ghahremanloo et al., 2021; Cárcel-Carras et al., 2021). Pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are the primary pollutants; It means that they are emitted directly from sources, while ozone is a secondary pollutant and depends on complex and nonlinear atmospheric chemistry (Bekbulat et al., 2021). Given that the concentration of ozone surface decreases significantly with increasing concentration of nitrogen dioxide. When nitric oxide (NO) emissions are high enough, the NO released into the atmosphere converts a large portion of ozone to nitrogen dioxide (Hashim et al., 2021). In addition, in all three cities, when the concentration of nitrogen dioxide increased, we saw a decrease in the amount of ozone concentration. In addition, during the Covid-19 era, many industries that produced primary pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, were not on the closure list or were telecommuted. Despite the decline in the performance of some activities, important sectors such as manufacturing plants, industrial and mining centers, agriculture, and public transportation have continued to operate even during severe restrictions. The mean difference between the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide before and after the outbreak of Covid-19 was positive. However, this average difference is small. However, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide is slightly increased, especially in cold seasons; Therefore, it can be said that ozone concentration has decreased. Keywords: Covid-19, Air Pollutants, Remote Sensing, Sentinel-5.    },  
Keywords = {Covid-19, Air Pollutants, Remote Sensing, Sentinel-5, GIS.},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {21-40}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3234-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3234-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kianpour, Hossein and Dashti, Soolmaz and Behbash, Rosh},  
title = {Vulnerability assessment of Miangaran wetland ecosystem}, 
abstract ={Vulnerability assessment of Miangaran wetland ecosystem To support the proper management of ecosystems, vulnerability analysis of ecosystems is very important. Vulnerability analysis of ecosystems provides information about weaknesses and capacity of the studied ecosystem for recovery after damage. Considering the degradation status of Miangaran wetland, vulnerability evaluation of this wetland is one of the most important management methods in the region. For this purpose, in this study, after identifying and evaluating the threatening factors of Miangaran wetland, these factors were scored using evaluation matrices. Then, the interaction between these values ​​and threatening factors was examined and the vulnerability of wetland values ​​was obtained by multiplying the scores of all studied factors. Finally, management solutions were presented to deal with the most important threatening factors. According to the results, the most vulnerability is to the hydrological and ecological values ​​of the wetland. The highest effects of threats on the ecological value are also on the birds of Miangaran wetland. The results of the evaluation of Miangaran Wetland show that this wetland has a high potential for ecosystem functions of the wetland. These functions have been neglected in the planning and managing of wetlands at the local, regional and national levels. As a result, ecosystem-based management is suggested as the best management approach. The management in these areas should take action to prevent the vulnerability of Miangaran wetland. Also, the vulnerability evaluation method used in this study can provide a good understanding of the relationship between wetland functions and the resulting services for the management of the ecosystem of Miangaran Wetland. Key words: Miangaran wetland, ecosystem management, vulnerability assessment},  
Keywords = {Miangaran wetland, ecosystem management, vulnerability assessment},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {41-56}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3189-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3189-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hadipour, mehrdad and Heidari, Mahdye and Zahed, Mohammadali and Hoseinilavasani, Seyedhosei},  
title = {Investigation of Construction Wastes Release in Roadside Using AHP}, 
abstract ={Investigation of Construction Wastes Release in Roadside Using AHP Introduction Although construction waste is an integral part of municipal waste, due to the differences between this waste and waste and environmental issues, a suitable model should be designed for optimal productivity and acquisition of resources. The increasing volume of urban materials and rubbish, especially the rubbish from the destruction of their construction and worn-out urban textures, has created many problems in large cities, as well as environmental problems that have arisen due to unprincipled and unprofessional disposal of these materials. Has attracted these materials. Research shows that the amount of this waste is equal to 10 to 15% of the total materials used in construction operations. This amount is much higher than what is estimated by the estimators. Data and research method In Iran and other developing countries, construction and construction waste is a major part of municipal waste, which in addition to high costs for its disposal, also has adverse consequences on the environment. The volume of this garbage is so much that now this issue has become a social and environmental problem not only in Iran but also in developed countries due to the limitation of natural resources and preservation of national capital for future generations as well as environmental protection And it is necessary because with proper management and efficient planning and reducing the volume of construction waste, not only the waste of natural resources and national capital is prevented, but also additional and ancillary costs are reduced and it is economically beneficial. In this study, first, the effective criteria in selecting the burial site in the study area are determined. These criteria are reviewed and used by various standards, including standards related to the Environmental Protection Organization, the Ministry of Interior and international standards, as well as by reviewing resources and studies on the process of locating landfills in the country and abroad and by examining the conditions of the region. The study and the influencing factors are compiled in the study area. The layers related to each criterion in the relevant table will be prepared, processed and converted from the relevant organizations. The method of this dissertation is applied-modeling in terms of purpose, because on the one hand, the concepts and rules related to the field of knowledge are carefully analyzed, and on the other hand, the relationships between these concepts and rules are evaluated and determined by experts. In this study, there is a need to use the decision theory method to evaluate and investigate the status of construction waste disposal along roads to increase trust and confidence in decision making. The data analysis tools of this research are SPSS, Expert Choice and Matlab for conducting the research. In the research process, after data collection, the next step involves data analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the localization tools of the research components. In order to describe the data, the mean and standard deviation of the research data have been used. The four-step process of multi-criteria decision-making process and fuzzy logic calculations to investigate the dumping of construction debris along roadsides is as follows: Step 1 - Modeling causal relationships based on similarity to the ideal solution Step 2 - Parallel comparisons and determining the weight of causal relationships based on the evaluation of decision options between the criteria for assessing the status of construction debris on the sidewalks, Step 3 - Prioritize Based on Causal Relationships Based on Evaluation of Decision Options  Step 4 - Fuzzy Prioritization and Final Analysis Investigation of Construction Waste Disposal Status Result and Discussion The most important results of the study of the dumping of construction debris along the roadsides are that, 1- The most important criterion in the cluster "Environmental factors of construction waste disposal" with code (A), "Soil pollution in the city" with code (AB) with fuzzy network weight of 0.096; And 2- The most important criteria in the cluster "Applications of GIS in urban management of construction debris disposal" with code (B), "Urban green space management" with code (BA) with fuzzy network weight equal to 0.191; And "Urban management related to health" with code (BB) with fuzzy network weight equal to 0.120; Were calculated. on the other hand, 3- The most important criterion in the cluster "Economic factors of construction waste disposal" with code (C), "Construction waste management training cost" with code (CD) with fuzzy network weight equal to 0.123; Prioritized, conclusion The results of the present study can be said that, after reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research and reviewing the research background, it was found that due to research gaps in the fields of economic factors of construction waste disposal, GIS applications in urban management, construction waste disposal, environmental factors, Utilization of a combined fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology to investigate the status of construction debris dumping along roadsides; It is possible to realize the innovation of the present research in filling the mentioned research gaps. Key words: Construction Debris, Civil Waste Management, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Karaj.  },  
Keywords = {",,,,,,Construction debris ,Civil Waste Management , Karaj,  multi-criteria decision making},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {57-76}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3268-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3268-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {EsfandiariDarabad, Fariba and Mostafazadeh, Raoof and Pasban, Amir Hesam and BehruozNezafatTakleh, Behrouz},  
title = {Integrating terrain and vegetation indices to estimate and identify the soil erosion risk Amoughin watershed, Ardabil}, 
abstract ={Soil erosion is one of the environmental problems that is a threat to natural resources, agriculture and the environment, and in this regard, assessing the temporal and spatial amount of soil erosion has an effective role in management, erosion control and watershed management. The main aim of this study was to estimate soil erosion in Amoqin watershed and its relationship with well-known vegetation-based and topographic-related indices. The meteorological data has been used to determine the rainfall erosivity. The rainfall erosivity index was calculated using the modified Fournier index during the 10-year available recorded rainfall data. The value of LS factor has been calculate using digital elevation model. Meanwhile, C and P factors were determined based on the utilization scheme and condition of the study area. Data were analyzed and processed using ArcMap 10.1, ENVI 5.3, and Excel software. In this study, RUSLE model was used to estimate soil erosion, in GIS environment. According to the results, the amount of factor R in Amoqin watershed varies from 12.32 to 50.52 MJ/ha/h per year. The variation of soil erodibility index (K) over the study area is between 0.25 to 0.42. The amount of LS factor varies between 0.19 and 0.38, which is more in high slopes, especially around the waterways and uplands of the study area. The variation of C factor was estimated to be around -0.18 to 0.4. In general, it can be said that the central part of Amoqin watershed has less C value due to the greater area of agricultural activities and the highest amount is related to western areas, especially southwest areas because existing the rangeland areas. Due to the lack of protective measures in the study area, the amount of factor P was considered as unity for the whole region. The base layers of RUSLE factors were obtained and overlayed in GIS to calculate the soil loss in tons per hectare per year. The map of annual soil loss indicate that the erosion amounts varies between 1.21 to 5.53 tons per hectare per year in different parts of the study area. According to the results, the vegetation factor with a coefficient of determination 0.47% had a significant correlation with soil loss. The stream power index with the coefficient of determination of % 0.07% had the lowest correlation with soil erosion values.},  
Keywords = {Soil erosion estimation, Prioritization, Vegetation management, Land use, Vegetation index},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {77-96}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3227-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3227-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mortazavi-Asl, Seyed Kamyar and saeidirezvani, navidsaeidirezvani and Rezaei, Mahmu},  
title = {Evaluation of the effect of particulate matter and vegetation on the formation of heat and cold islands in Tehran}, 
abstract ={Evaluation of the effect of particulate matter and vegetation on the formation of heat and cold islands in Tehran Seyed Kamyar Mortazavi Asl: PhD Student in Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, UAE Dr. Navid Saeedi Rezvani: Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran Dr. Mahmud Rezaei:  Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abstract: Global warming and the heat islands of cities are one of the biggest challenges in the world today. Cold islands is a word that stands in front of heat islands and refers to areas of the city that have lower temperatures than the surrounding areas. In this study, in order to investigate the factors affecting the formation of cool and heat islands of the city, it was first obtained by using Landsat image processing and using the single-channel surface temperature algorithm. Then to investigate the parameters affecting the land surface temperature changes; Criteria for changes in particulate matter and changes in vegetation were considered. The NDVI index was used for vegetation and the algorithm proposed by Saraswat et al. was used for the amount of particulate matter. According to the results, the highest-ranking neighborhood for heat islands were in Bustan, Shahid Bagheri township and the airport, respectively, and the lowest amount of cool islands were in Baharan, Niavaran and Darband, respectively. Pearson coefficient obtained from the relationship between surface temperature and vegetation was -21.29%, which indicates the inverse relationship between temperature and vegetation, as well as the amount of vegetation index in hot and cold regions. Regarding the relationship between land surface temperature and air pollution, the correlation between these two parameters was equal to 19.31% and comparing the pollution index in areas with cold and warm islands showed that there is a significant relationship between reducing air pollutants and cold islands but the opposite is not true. Keywords: Cool Islands, Tehran, LST, Air Pollution  },  
Keywords = {Cool Islands, Tehran, LST, Air Pollution},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {97-114}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3256-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3256-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmadi, Manijeh and Kalantari, Mohsen and Mohammadi, Mostaf},  
title = {Spatial analysis of socio-economic factors affecting drug abuse in rural settlements, Case study: Dizaj Abad village, Zanjan township}, 
abstract ={ Introductions Today, various social ills such as addiction, cultural issues and problems have been added to the issues raised in the past and require extensive studies and planning in this area to preserve the small human capital of rural settlements and be used for sustainable rural development. The present study has spatially analyzed the effective factors for drug addiction and abuse. Today, various social ills such as addiction, cultural issues and problems have been added to the issues raised in the past and require extensive studies and planning in this area to preserve the small human capital of rural settlements and be used for sustainable rural development. In recent years, drug abuse has increased worldwide, so that now all countries in the world are incurring significant costs as a result of the damage caused by this phenomenon. Drug abuse has incurred enormous social and economic costs through its devastating effects on human health and the increase in crime and mortality in society, and as a result has become a major threat to societies. There is no specific agreement on the root causes of drug abuse, so that the factors associated with it are numerous and varied, including individual contexts, family characteristics, and social and environmental factors.  The present study has spatially analyzed the effective factors for drug addiction and abuse. Research Method The type of research is applied and the nature of the research is descriptive-analytical. Independent variables in this study are physical and demographic factors in the study village. The dependent variable of this study is the situation of addiction and drug abuse in Dizajabad village. The validity of the research indicators was reviewed and modified by the professors and the reliability value was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.784. The statistical population of the present study is villages at risk of addiction and drug abuse. This village was identified through interviews with law enforcement experts and statistics available in this organization as well as unofficial statistics. The number of these villages includes four villages (Sayan (Mahdieh town), Dizajabad, NoghtehBandi and Choreh Nab) which were selected as a sample village using the lottery method of Dizajabad village. The study population in Dizajabad village includes people who are addicted to drugs and abuse in Dizajabad village, which have been collected through irregular interviews, as well as for comparison and assessment between addicts and other people. The questionnaire was completed in all residential units where people lived and the Cochran's formula was used for accurate sampling. The baseline map was used to perform the analyzes. Using Cochran's formula, 115 residential units belonging to people with addiction and drug abuse were selected as a sample. In order to analyze descriptive data from Excel software and also for correlation between physical characteristics, population of people with addiction and drug abuse, Spss software and Human Whitney and two-group T tests were used in Arc Gis / Arc map environment. Hot Spot Analysis, kernel density estimation and standard deviation ellipse tests were used. Interpretation of results Findings show that the spatial distribution of addiction and drug abuse in Dizajabad village is not evenly distributed and are mostly concentrated in the northwest and southeast, which are in these two areas due to the high density of residential units. . According to the tests of hot spots of addiction and according to the studied items, the two southeastern and northwestern parts of the village have hot spots and the standard deviation ellipse in this map indicates that its direction is northwest, southeast. This direction is influenced by the shape of the village. The pattern of drug distribution in the village also indicates that it is concentrated in two parts, northwest and southeast. The median center indicates that the southern and to some extent the southeastern part are more addicted than the other parts. The reason for the increase in the points of addiction and abuse in the two mentioned parts is the density of the residential unit and the existence of a network of winding and unbalanced passages, especially in the southeastern part. Centers of addiction and drug abuse by kernel density estimation method show that the two parts of the northwest and southeast of the village are more affected by drug addiction and abuse. Keywords: Spatial distribution, Drugs, Addiction, Suburban villages, Zanjan Township  },  
Keywords = {Addiction, Crime, Drug abuse, Rural settlement, Zanjan province.},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {115-128}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3078-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3078-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {lashkari, Hassan and Mohammadi, Zainab},  
title = {Comparison and analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of dust storms with visibility of fewer than 200 meters in western and southwestern Iran}, 
abstract ={Synoptic analysis of the changes trend of the share of systems due to the Sudan low In the cold period of the Persian Gulf coast during 1976-2017  Introduction In the Ethiopian-Sudan range forms the low pressure system without front in the cold and transition seasons that is affecting the climate of the adjacent regions by crossing the Red sea. Based on the evidence in the context of Iran, studying Sudan low was first begun by Olfat in 1968. Olfat refers to low pressures which are formed in northeastern Africa and the Red Sea and then pass Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, enter Iran, and finally, cause rainfall. The most comprehensive research specifically examining Sudan low, was the work carried out by the Lashkari in 1996. While he studying the floods that occurred in southwestern of Iran, he was identified Sudan low by the most important cause of such flooding and he explained how they are formed, and how these low-pressure systems were deployed on the southwest of Iran.  Materials and methods The study period with long-term variations was considered from 9.5 to 11 years based on solar cycles. Precipitation data for 13 synoptic stations are considered above 5 mm in south and southwestern Iran. With three criteria were determined for the days of rainfall caused by each type of atmospheric system. The visual analysis of high and low altitude cores and geopotential height at 1000 hPa pressure level (El-Fandy, 1950a; Lashkari, 1996; 2002) were considered based on the aim of the study. Accordingly, the approximate locations of activity centers, as well as the range of the formation and displacement of the Sudan system were initially identified based on the location of the formation of low and high-pressure cores. Then, the rainy days due to the Sudan system in January were separated from the precipitation of the other atmospheric system.  Results and discussion According to the selected criteria in the forty-year statistical period, 507 precipitation systems were identified with different continuities that led to precipitation in the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. The pattern of independent Sudan low rainfall was responsible for 77% of the precipitation in the Persian Gulf. Decade frequency share of Sudan low was lower in the first decade (16%) compared to the next three decades. This system of rainfall was more activated during the second and third decades compared to the first decade. However, rainfall changes were not evident in the mid-decade. Independent Sudan low precipitation provide 25% and 27% of the cold season precipitation of the Persian Gulf during the second and third decades respectively. In accordance with the 24th solar cycle, at the end of the study period, the Sudan low was more effective on the Gulf coast than ever before. During this decade, 125 cases of Sudan low rainfall was recorded for the Persian Gulf. Thus, the frequency of Sudan low during the fourth decade was about 31%, which was higher than in the rest of the decade. Overall, the Sudan low rainfall was repeated 151 times for 2 days rainfall, during the statistical period studied. This Precipitation has increased over the last decades compared to other periods.  Conclusion The severe variability of rainfall along the timing and location of the permanent Persian Gulf coasts can have a significant impact on the economic and agricultural behavior of the Gulf population in the three provinces of Ahwaz, Bushehr and Hormozgan.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precipitation changes due to Sudan low in the Persian Gulf coastal region during the cold period. The results of this study showed that the role of integration patterns in influencing the precipitation of the Persian Gulf coast has decreased with the strengthening and further activation of the Sudan low system during the last two decades. That way, about 77percent of the region's rainfall is provided by independent Sudan low. At the end of the course (in accordance with 24th solar cycle activity) the Sudan low system was more active than before. Although the Sudan low activity was different at each station during the period studied, but in the historical passage incremental and decade's positive behavior of Sudan low was common to all stations. Evaluation of changes in rainfall duration shows that the pattern of precipitation with 2days duration is more frequent than the patterns of one to several days. Keywords: Sudan low- Solar cycle- Persian Gulf.  },  
Keywords = {Spatial distribution, temporal distribution, storm, dust, visibility fewer than 200 meters, west and southwest.},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {129-150}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3233-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3233-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {karimi, Mostafa and Fahimeh, Norouzi and Jafari, Mahnaz and Faramarz, Khoshakhlagh and AliAkbar, Shamsipour},  
title = {Geographical-Synoptic Characteristics of Arabian Anticyclone in the Heavy Precipitation Days on Iran}, 
abstract ={Vulnerability assessment of Miangaran wetland ecosystem To support the proper management of ecosystems, vulnerability analysis of ecosystems is very important. Vulnerability analysis of ecosystems provides information about weaknesses and capacity of the studied ecosystem for recovery after damage. Considering the degradation status of Miangaran wetland, vulnerability evaluation of this wetland is one of the most important management methods in the region. For this purpose, in this study, after identifying and evaluating the threatening factors of Miangaran wetland, these factors were scored using evaluation matrices. Then, the interaction between these values ​​and threatening factors was examined and the vulnerability of wetland values ​​was obtained by multiplying the scores of all studied factors. Finally, management solutions were presented to deal with the most important threatening factors. According to the results, the most vulnerability is to the hydrological and ecological values ​​of the wetland. The highest effects of threats on the ecological value are also on the birds of Miangaran wetland. The results of the evaluation of Miangaran Wetland show that this wetland has a high potential for ecosystem functions of the wetland. These functions have been neglected in the planning and managing of wetlands at the local, regional and national levels. As a result, ecosystem-based management is suggested as the best management approach. The management in these areas should take action to prevent the vulnerability of Miangaran wetland. Also, the vulnerability evaluation method used in this study can provide a good understanding of the relationship between wetland functions and the resulting services for the management of the ecosystem of Miangaran Wetland. Key words: Miangaran wetland, ecosystem management, vulnerability assessment  },  
Keywords = {heavy precipitation, Arabian anticyclone, subtropical high pressure, synoptic systems, southwest Asia},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {151-168}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3279-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3279-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alidadi, Masoumeh and Alijani, Bohlol and Nasserzadeh, Mohammadhossein and Hejazizadeh, zahr},  
title = {Comparative analysis of extream snowfall events in Iran with emphasis on the position of the polar vortex and teleconnection patterns}, 
abstract ={Comparative analysis of snowfall events in Iran with emphasis on the location of the polar plateau and remote connection patterns Abstract Extream snowfall event that may occur at any time during the cold season, has significant social and economic implications. Therefore, the economic and social consequences of these events reveal the importance of identifying the synoptical mechanisms associated with the extream snowfall events. In order to achieve this goal, using daily precipitation and temperature data during the statistical period of 1951-1 2016 and based on multiple criteria, the two three-days extream snowfall events were identified during February 7-9, 1972 and February 2-4, 1988. After selecting samples, a statistical analysis of the teleconnection indices was done and then, using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the combined patterns of surface and lower, middle and lower troposphere were plotted in the form of three-days mean. Results obtained from analysis of teleconnection indices and their correspondence to the synoptic patterns indicate the weakening of the tropospheric polar vortex and its division into multi-centers in the periods of extream snowfall events. In the event of February 7-9, 1972, though the centers were moved to mid-latitudes, but they are not completely out of the Arctic and to some extent maintain their position in this area. In February 2-4, 1988, the vortex centers have shown a more equatorwards displacement towards the mid-latitudes that the emergence of negative phases of the NAM and AO represent such a situation. However, in both events, the strong and main center of the polar vortex is located in the eastern hemisphere and therefore in a state close to Iran. The weakening of the sub-tropical jetstream in the eastern hemisphere, especially in the Mediterranean, has resulted in the transmission of potential vorticity tabs to mid-latitudes. The equatorwards progress of these tabs has led to the formation of the trough in the western and eastern Mediterranean regions that accompany with a ridge between them, led to the formation of omega bundle patterns and split flow, respectively, in the events of February 1972 and 1988 in this geographical area. The southern boundary of the progress of the troughs has specified by index contour of the edge of the vortex by 552 gpdam, that extends to the southern part of Iran and in the February 1972, event compared with the pattern of the February 1988, had the more-equatorwards progress toward the middle latitudes, and as a result, over Iran. Keywords: extream snowfall event, teleconnection, polar vortex, the edge of the vortex, blocking patterns.  },  
Keywords = {extream snowfall event, teleconnection, polar vortex, the edge of the vortex, blocking patterns.},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {169-196}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2873-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2873-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {chehreara, tahmineh},  
title = {Investigating the role of  atmospheric circulation patterns in the severe air pollution in Esfahan}, 
abstract ={Investigating the role of  atmospheric circulation patterns in the severe air pollution in Esfahan Introduction The atmosphere is a dynamic system in which a large number of physical and chemical processes occur simultaneously. Studying the dynamics and transmission of pollutants in the atmosphere using atmospheric patterns is one of the important topics in this field. Atmospheric patterns simulate the occurrence of different processes within the atmosphere and their interactions. Using an atmospheric model also requires comparing the results of the model with field and laboratory experiments. This helps in understanding the occurrence of chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere as well as evaluating the implementation of a suitable model. Laboratory measurements provide valuable information while at the same time visualizing and describing atmospheric properties and atmospheric composition at specific time and space intervals. An atmospheric model provides a complete picture of the evolution of spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric pollutants at different altitudes. Understanding atmospheric dynamics can be understanded by combining measurements and integrated modeling with using synoptic systems in periods with pollutated air. Therefore, in this study, it has been attempted to analyze the atmospheric factors that cause severe pollution in Esfahan and the relationship and mechanism of the atmosphere at the time of occurrence of this phenomenon. Data and methods In this study, three datasets including pollution data recorded at air pollution stations, digital atmospheric data and high atmospheric stations were used. The air pollution data are from three stations of Laleh Square, Azadi and Bozorgmehr which were obtained from Esfahan General Environmental Protection Office. The pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone and suspended particulate matter (PM10), which have been prepared and processed daily for a 12-year statistical period (1995-2005). To study atmospheric conditions were used re-analyzed data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP / NCAR) include sea level pressure, geopotential height, vertical velocity (Omega), wind orbital components (U), and meridian wind ( V) was used for different levels of atmosphere.  The above atmospheric data were obtained from the University of Wyoming site for the study days, including air temperature, dew point temperature, wind direction and intensity, and atmospheric stability and instability conditions (based on skew-t curves). In this study, a Lagrangian model with the capability of tracking particle backward in different levels of atmosphere called HYSPLIT was used to investigate the days associated with severe pollution. Results and discussion The results show that the highly pollutated days of the city of Esfahan can be explained by the four synoptic patterns. The occurrence of days with extremely severe pollution in Esfahan, rather than being rooted in local factors, is due to the interaction of local conditions with atmospheric circulation at the regional scale. In other words, the city of Esfahan will only experience extremely polluted days when the atmospheric circulation of the atmosphere provides conditions for increased concentrations of pollutants. The main causes of the occurrence of days associated with maximum contamination can be attributed to Subtropical high latitude and its progression to higher latitudes. This circulation system contributes to the occurrence of highly polluted days on most days, either directly or in combination with other atmospheric systems. The role of local factors such as the formation of inversion layer and the increase of atmospheric thickness due to the dominance of high pressure systems in the region can also be considered to exacerbate the conditions. The use of suspended particle backward models and the study of atmospheric thermodynamic relationships have provided a deeper and more accurate understanding of the mechanisms dominating the occurrence of pollutants in Esfahan. The results of this method showed that the occurrence of highly polluted days in the city of Esfahan can not be attributed to urban pollutants such as industrial factories of automobiles and so the influx of particulate matter from different areas has caused higher intensity pollution. Conclusion  The results showed that four factors and patterns prevailed in the middle of the atmosphere at the time of the most severe days pollution in Esfahan. The results of the PSI values in each pattern showed respectively from pattern of one to four, is 221, 238.6, 203 and 281. The synoptic conditions can be attributed to the presence of tropical high pressure, which is accompanied by a layer of temperature inversion in the lower levels of the atmosphere and the middle troposphere. Strength of negative vorticity above 700 hPa and continued surface convergence to this altitude have made the nature of the summer atmosphere clearly observed in the pollution event in the city, which has been enhanced by strong anomalies. On the other hand, the output of the HYSPLIT model showed that the occurrence of highly polluted days in the city of Esfahan could not be detected in urban pollutants such as automobile industrial plants and. But, the influx of particulate matter from different areas has made the pollution more intense, and the influx of dust particles has exacerbated this hazard. Keywords: Air Pollution, PSI Index, Atmospheric Regional Circulation Patterns, HYSPLIT Model, Esfahan  },  
Keywords = {Air Pollution, PSI Index, Atmospheric Regional Circulation Patterns, HYSPLIT Model, Esfahan},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {197-214}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shohani, nader and kozegarkalj, lotfali and darabi, sajad and yousefibabadi, sai},  
title = {Pandemic Covid-19 (Corona); Tehran\'s resilience against it}, 
abstract ={Pandemic Covid-19 (Corona); Tehran's resilience against it Nader Shohani; Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University. Tehran Iran Lotfali College Potter; Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Sajjad Darabi; PhD Student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Saeed Yousefi Babadi; PhD student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Abstract One of the dangers that has caused cities to face a serious crisis is the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. The corona pandemic has taken cities out of their normal routine. Therefore, cities seek to return to their past conditions and urban resilience as soon as possible. Research Method In this descriptive-analytical study, using field survey, four economic, social, managerial-institutional and infrastructural dimensions in the form of 29 items have examined the resilience of Tehran against Corona pandemic. In research, support and advocacy for affected businesses, insurance coverage, support for affected manufacturing sectors, are in the most unfavorable situation. The results obtained from the final table of Vikor technique show that the economic index with a score of 1 is the most important component of resilience against coronavirus, which is lower than other components of resilience. After that, the managerial-institutional component with a score of 0.94 and the infrastructure component with a score of 0.92 in the next ranks are the most important components of Tehran's resilience against coronavirus. The results show that the metropolis of Tehran is not in a favorable position in relation to the corona virus and is not resilient to selected indicators and the economic index has the most impact and the social index has the least impact on the resilience of Tehran. Keywords: Urban Resilience, Covid 19, Pandemic, Tehran Pandemic Covid-19 (Corona); Tehran's resilience against it  },  
Keywords = {Keywords: Urban Resilience, Covid 19, Pandemic, Tehran},
volume = {9},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {215-232}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3239-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3239-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2022}  
}