@article{ 
author = {Sadidi, Javad and tamnia, Fatemeh and rezaian, Hani},  
title = {Assessment of using artificial intelligence in completeness of Volunteer Geographic Information. A case study for Open Street Map (OSM) landuse data.}, 
abstract ={Nowadays, deep learning as a branch of artificial intelligence acts as an alternative for human with hopeful outcomes. Open Street Map as the biggest open source data is used as a complementary data sources for spatial projects. It is notable that is some advanced counties the accuracy of VGI data is higher than governmental official data. This research aims to use artificial intelligence to produce and subsequently promote completeness of OSM data. Res_UNet architecture was utilized to train landuse categories to the network. The result shows that IoU metric is about 83 percent that implies a high accuracy paradigm. Then, united-based method was used to calculated completeness of OSM data. The unit-based results show that completeness of building blocks, forest, fruits garden and agriculture land are: 3.6, 9.7, 90.4 and 81.88 respectively. It shows the low volunteer  participation rate to produce OSM data. On the other side the high accuracy achieved by deep learning leads us to complete OSM data by artificial intelligence instead of human prepared data. The advantage of using machine rather than human may be utilized in undeveloped countries or low density population regions as well as inaccessible areas.  },  
Keywords = {artificial intelligence, deep learning, OSM, Land use, unit-based, Karaj},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-15}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.3},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3398-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3398-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {afiati, sahar and alijani, bohloul and hosseini, sayyed mohamm},  
title = {Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Changes and Forecasting the Future of Freezing in Hamadan Province}, 
abstract ={Cold and frost are one of the climatic hazards that cause damage to various activities every year. Climate change, on the other hand, causes spatial and temporal changes in glaciation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal-spatial changes and predict the future of glaciers in Hamadan province. CanESM2 model was used to predict the minimum daily temperature in the province. Data mining of general circulation models was Downscaling using LARS-WG model. The above parameters were simulated for a period of 30 years (2050-2021) under three scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for selected stations. The results of the monthly minimum temperature survey in the study stations of the province showed that the minimum temperature in the period (2050-2021) in all studied stations according to all three scenarios will increase in all months of the year compared to the base period. The average minimum temperature of the province is equal to 2.5 degrees Celsius, which in the coming decades based on the scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 will reach 6, 6.2 and 6.3 degrees Celsius, respectively, which is the highest The changes are related to Nojeh station and the lowest is related to Hamedan. The spatial distribution of the beginning and end of freezing in the future period indicates that freezing in the northeastern and northern parts of the province starts earlier and ends later than in other parts of the province, while in the southern parts of the province it starts later and ends earlier. The results of examining the changes in the onset of frost in the next decade compared to the base period showed that in all stations studied the onset of frost will decrease between 3 to 11 days.  },  
Keywords = {Modeling, Downscaling, Climate Scenarios, Climate Change.},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {17-35}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.1},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {gholami, masumeh and Ahmadabadi, Ali and ghanavati, ezatollah},  
title = {Quantitative Assessment of bank instability of Jajroud river in upstream of Latyan Dam}, 
abstract ={The process of erosion and sedimentation on river banks is often accelerated by natural events and human activities, which lead to natural hazards. This process has also faced serious risks in Jajrud river, urban and rural settlements, agricultural lands, construction structures around the river. The Jajroud River has important importance and effects in securing agricultural water rights, feeding underground aquifers, providing drinking water in the region and the green and natural spaces of Fashm, Migun, Lavasanat and downstream, which has been subject to many changes in recent years due to direct and indirect human interference. including the expansion of urban and rural construction, river engineering operations and wall construction along the river, encroachment on the river boundary and changing the course of the river channels, the use of non-native vegetation on the banks of the river, and as a result, the eco-hydro geomorphological conditions of the river have become unstable. The phenomenon of erosion and sedimentation in Jajroud river has brought negative consequences such as changing the bed, accumulation and settling of large amounts of sediment and overflowing of canal water and as a result the risk of flooding.  },  
Keywords = {bank instability, BEHI index, NBS index, Jajroud river},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {37-52}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.5},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3423-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3423-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shahriyari, mozhgan and karampoor, mostafa and ghaemi, hoshang and yarahmadi, dariush and moradi, mohamm},  
title = {Investigation of the Most Intense Continuous Monthly Floods (October-March) during the Statistical Period of 1989-2021 in Iran}, 
abstract ={Flash floods are one of the most dangerous natural events and often cause loss of life and damage to infrastructure and the environment. This research investigated the occurrence of the most intense continuous monthly floods (October-March) from 1989 to 2021. Precipitation data from 115 synoptic stations were selected. Then, the total rainfall of 1 to 9 days was sorted according to intensity. Using Minitab statistical software and the Andersen-Darling index, heavy rains were extracted based on the 95th percentile. Then, based on the criteria of the highest and lowest number of rainy days, the highest and lowest accumulated rainfall, the wettest and driest months were determined. Considering the three criteria of intensity, continuity, and rainfall coverage, the strongest storms in the wettest months were selected. The data used for synoptic analysis include the average sea level pressure data, the height and vertical component of the wind at 500 hPa, the wind and humidity field specific to the pressure levels 925, 850, and 700 hPa, and the horizontal moisture flux values specific to the pressure level 925, 850 and 700 hPa. The probability of the occurrence of atmospheric rivers was identified by the moisture flux extracted from the specific, meridional, and meridional wind components. The results showed that the storms of October 27-31, 2015, November 5-7, 1994, December 12-16, 1991, January 11-15, 2004, February 3-9, 1993, and March 13-15, 1996 were the strongest in the wettest months. During the storms of October, November, February, and March, moisture has been transported from the southwest of the Red Sea by atmospheric rivers to the western, southwestern, southern, and southeastern regions of Iran.  },  
Keywords = {Continuous Rainfall, Wettest Month, Horizontal Flux of Specific Moisture, Moisture Transfer, Iran.},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {53-76}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.6},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3425-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3425-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Derafshi, Khabat},  
title = {The effect of Mazandaran sea level fluctuations on coastal land use with a view to the implementation of the sea frontage (case study: Babolsar city)}, 
abstract ={Coastal areas are constantly changing physically and ecologically, depending on natural and human factors. The natural causes of coastline changes are assessed in three ways: short-term changes including the effects of up and down currents, long-term changes including climate change, periodic storms and waves, and accidental changes including sudden natural events. Today, coastal tourism is considered as one of the important factors in the development of coastal areas. In this regard, the Caspian Sea, with many tourist attractions such as lush forests, accessible foothills and mountains, historical monuments and appropriate welfare facilities, benefits from the sea and beaches. The coastal area of Babolsar City, due to its many facilities and capabilities to attract tourists, much of which is due to natural and environmental attractions, every year, hosts a large number of tourists who come to this area to take advantage of its facilities and attractions, including the beautiful beach and very beautiful forests. This coastal area because its dynamic nature, is exposed to permanent erosion and variability due to processes such as river, wind, tectonic, wave and tide and marine transgression-regression in the area causes the destruction of coastal facilities and recreational places. Therefore, any planning to change the land use and construction in this coastal area should be considered in terms of the sea water fluctuation impacts on the shoreline position. Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses.  },  
Keywords = {sea progressive and degressive, coastal tourism, spatial change, sea frontage, Babolsar City},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {77-96}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.8},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3446-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3446-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahmani, Mohammad and AhmadiMirghaed, ّFarhan and Mollaaghajanzadeh, Sareh},  
title = {Measuring spatiotemporal change in land use and habitat quality through remote sensing: A case study of the Tajan watershed, north of Iran}, 
abstract ={This study aimed to assess the habitat quality of the Tajan watershed in northern Iran through land use changes from 1992 to 2052 and to investigate its relationship with landscape metrics, including number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), edge density (ED), largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), and splitting index (SPLIT). Landsat 8 and 4 images were processed to produce land use maps for 1992, 2022, and 2052 using maximum likelihood, cross-combination, and CA-Markov methods in ENVI and TerrSet software. Habitat quality was also assessed using InVEST in three scenarios based on the land use maps. Relationships were analyzed using least squares regression and Spearman's correlation test. The results showed that from 1992 to 2052, forest and agricultural areas had the most decreasing (-82,460 hectares) and increasing (76,392 hectares) changes, respectively. Habitats in the central part of the watershed had higher quality than those in the northern and southern parts. The relationship between habitat quality and land use changes is significant and inverse (-0.95<r</r  },  
Keywords = {Habitat quality, Land use, Landsat, InVEST, Remote sensing},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {97-111}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.2},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pourfarrashzadeh, Fahimeh and BeyghipourMotlagh, Fariba and Gharachorlu, Mortaz},  
title = {Statistical-spatial modeling of the potential of landslide occurrence in Yamchi catchment}, 
abstract ={This study aimed to systematically explain the potential of the landslide occurrence to provide a prediction model of the possibility of this phenomenon in the Yamchi catchment in Ardebil province. In this regard, both approaches of discrete and continuous variables were used by means of overlay and logistic regression, respectively. Independent variables included elevation, slope, aspect, lithology, annual rainfall, roughness, general curvature, topographic wetness index, vegetation index, distance to fault, distance to stream and distance to road. The results, firstly, revealed the areas with high landslide potential by the matching layers of independent variables with the landslide layer in the geographical information system (GIS). These areas were in the middle elevation, high slopes, northern slope, high roughness, erodible formations, high rainfall, medium vegetation, surroundings of faults and rivers. Secondly, the results of the logistics regression model by providing a prediction equation of probability of landslide occurrence showed that the resulting model with pseudo r2 and ROC 0.22 and 0.86, respectively, had good power and efficiency to predict landslide through the catchment. In addition, the resulting beta coefficients for independent variables indicated that the importance of the variables was as follows: vegetation index distance to road, rain, lithology, distance to fault, elevation, topographic wetness index, roughness index, aspect, slope, and distance to river. In the end, the need to pay serious attention to the supporting and protection of vegetation cover of the mid -range and upstream of the catchment was determined because of unstable geomorphic conditions of these areas.  },  
Keywords = {Landslide, Hazard, Logistic Regression Model, Yamchi},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {113-130}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.4},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3409-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3409-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SafariNamivandi, Mehdi},  
title = {Geotourism is one of the important pillars of tourism, which plays an important role in the economic and social development of regions, and this issue is doubly important in border regions. Considering that one of the ways to create security in the border zone is the economic development of the region, therefore, the development of geotourism in the border zone of the country is important. Considering the importance of the issue, in this research, the effects of geotourism development in creating sustainable security in Marivan city have been analyzed. In this research, the 30-meter height digital model of SRTM, the results of interviews and library studies have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice and SPSS. Also, in this research, Comanescu models, AHP and SWOT model were used. According to the intended goals, this research has been carried out in several stages, in the first stage to identify and evaluate geosites, in the second stag}, 
abstract ={Geotourism is one of the important pillars of tourism, which plays an important role in the economic and social development of regions, and this issue is doubly important in border regions. Considering that one of the ways to create security in the border zone is the economic development of the region, therefore, the development of geotourism in the border zone of the country is important. Considering the importance of the issue, in this research, the effects of geotourism development in creating sustainable security in Marivan city have been analyzed. In this research, the 30-meter height digital model of SRTM, the results of interviews and library studies have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice and SPSS. Also, in this research, Comanescu models, AHP and SWOT model were used. According to the intended goals, this research has been carried out in several stages, in the first stage to identify and evaluate geosites, in the second stage to analyze the effects of geotourism development on the goals of sustainable development and regional security, and in the third stage to identify effective factors. The development of geotourism has been discussed. The evaluation results of the identified geosites based on the Comanescu model have shown that the geosites of Marivan city have a high potential for the development of geotourism, which can be paid attention to with economic development, environmental development, infrastructure development and finally, it should be associated with the stable security of the region. Also, the results of the SWOT model have shown that the existence of rare geosites with a weight of 0.08, the lack of long-term development plans with a weight of 0.08, the creation of stable security in the region with a weight of 0.091, and the seasonality of employment with Weight 0.058, respectively, are considered as the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of geotourism development in Marivan city.  },  
Keywords = {Geosite, Economic development, Border security, Marivan city},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {131-142}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.7},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3444-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3444-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadpour, Kaveh and Ahmadi, Go},  
title = {Assessment of ground-based dataset and satellite remotely sensed images for analyzing of dust over western Iran}, 
abstract ={Abstract Dust storm is a complex process that it was affected by relation between earth-atmophere system and point of veiw climatologist and meteorologist that they assessing atmospheric and climatic change, in general of world veiw, monitoring from dust cover is a need structures. The western region of Iran is the study area. The data used in this study are divided into two categories: ground-based observations in 27 synoptic stations extracted from the Iran’s Meteorological Organization during period (1998-2010) and satellite MODIS images during the first to fourth days of July 2008. Finally, the aim has analyzed using Arc GIS and ENVI softwares and NDDI index. According to results, interpolated map for the number of dusty days during the study period over the western half of Iran showed that extent of case study have not a equal system aspect quantity of occuring from dust phenomenon and how is it trend. The number of dust days increase from north toward south and sites located in northen proprotion of studied area have experienced a lower dust events. While, maximum hotspots are occuring over southwestern sites such as: Ahvaz, Ilam, Boushehr and Shiraz. Therefore, principle offspring of dust input has been out of country boundaries and arrived far way area. On based resultes obtined on satellite images using NDDI index also idicate that maximun of intense cover dust is observed over Fars, Ilam, Boushehr and Ahvaz provinces on the first, second, thrid and forth of July. But, the lowest rate of index situated in extent far such as: Eastern Azarbayjan, Western Azarbayjan provinces. Thus, parts located on the north of the study area experienced less dusty days and the maximum dust core was located in the southwestern (mostly ahvaz). The long-term result was consistent with the use of NDDI index and the daily average of NDDI index in the whole study area indicated the hotspot areas (Ilam, Ahvaz, Omidieh, Bushehr and Shiraz) during the first to fourth days July 2008. However, in the region has reduced the level of dust cover when a wet and cloudy synoptic system pass over the central and northwestern parts of the study area.},  
Keywords = {Dust Storm, Remote Sensing, Grounded-based stations, NDDI index, Western Iran},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-16}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.1},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3162-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3162-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {sayad, vahideh and Alijani, Bohloul and Hejazizadeh, Zahr},  
title = {Sudan low pressure climatology}, 
abstract ={Iran is a country with low rainfall and high-intensity rainfall that is affected by various synoptic systems, the most important of these systems is Sudan low pressure, Therefore, recognizing the low pressures of the Sudan region is of particular importance, The purpose of this study is to gather a complete and comprehensive knowledge of the set of studies conducted about this low pressure, structure and formation and its effects on the surrounding climate. The present study was conducted using the library method and a search for authoritative scientific and research sources in connection with research on low pressure in Sudan and no data processing was performed in it. Thus, it has studied and analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of Sudan's low pressure over several years and its effect on the climate of the surrounding areas, especially Iran. In general, the results of this study can be divided into several categories, including studies on the recognition and study of Sudan low pressure, its structure and formation over time, pressure patterns affecting it at different atmospheric levels, and its effects on the climate of surrounding areas, especially Iran. Has been studied, The effect of this low pressure on seasonal and spring rainfall in Iran, snow and hail, floods, thunderstorms and also the effect of remote connection patterns on this low-pressure system have been studied, and finally, the analysis of these findings has been studied. It can be concluded that the Sudanese low-pressure system is a Low-pressure reverse in the region of Northeast Africa and southwest of the Middle East, which is strengthened and displaced in the upper levels of the Mediterranean and Subtropical jet stream and in the lower surface moisture injection from the Arabian Sea and Oman through high pressure. Saudi Arabia is inwardly the cause of severe instability in Iran and a major cause of heavy rainfall in various parts of the country.},  
Keywords = {Sudan low pressure, pressure patterns, precipitation patterns, Iranian climate},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {17-40}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.17},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3196-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3196-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {riahi, samaneh and safari, amir and hisseini, seyed musa and ahmadabadi, ali},  
title = {Estimation of the flood depthyears in the Qom-Roud River by combining the hydraulic characteristics of the river and the geomorphic characteristics of the catchment area.}, 
abstract ={In order to plan, manage and exploit water and land resources, awareness of the spatial variability of resources, as well as understanding the response behavior of the watershed in order to model physical processes, has an identical significant role. Due to its location in arid and semi-arid areas, special climatic and geomorphological conditions, Qom-Roud basin is prone to flash floods. Due to the lack of hydrometric and topographical data with high accuracy in the basin, the use of hydraulic models does not lead to accurate results of the hydraulic characteristics of floods. In such a situation, the methods based on the geomorphological features of the basin can be advantageous. In this article, Variable flood stage method (VFS) method is used, which combines the hydraulic characteristics of the river with the geomorphic characteristics of the basin in order to estimate the water depth in the river caused by floods with different return periods. The water depth was investigated for different return periods of two, five, ten, twenty-five, fifty and hundred years. In each period, the highest water depth was in the parts near the outlet and the lowest water depth was in the upstream parts of the river. The research illustrations there is a direct relationship between the depth of water and the area of the sub-basin. The results of this research can be used for basins without hydrometric and topographic statistics with high accuracy in order to estimate the peak speed and flood depth.  },  
Keywords = {flood hazards, Variable flood stage method, Qom-Roud basin, hydraulic model, geomorphy, water depth.},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {41-56}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.41},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3343-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3343-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KamanroudiKojouri, Mousa and Fashi, Habibolah and BaratiSadeh, Sgahl},  
title = {The effect of the delay in the real estate acquisition process for the construction of highways on the neighborhoods in the metropolis of Tehran (case study: Shoush highway in Tayyab neighborhood in district 15 of the municipality)}, 
abstract ={Developing roads and constructing new highway are urban policices contributing to solve transportation problems in cities. These projects often being passed through urban fabrics, so it is nessessery to buy and demolish buildings from their owners including individuals or governmental and public institutions to imply the projects. However, acquiring land is not an easy task and completing these projects may hit with long-term delays. This paper aimed to analyze the impacts of delaying in constructing Shoosh Highway in Tehran. The investigated impacts originate from land acquisition problems. The research data was obtained from many sources including documents and research reports, a survey, and interviews with Tehran Municipality managers. The One Sample T-Test in SPSS software was performed to analyze the data obtained form the survey. Findings indicate that the residents are often dissatisfied with the project because since the beginning of the project, social security decreased a lot and people are less likely to respect citizens' rights than before, recreational sites are often demolished, the value of residential buildings slowed down significantly, living costs incresed, and businesses were stagnant. In conclusion, if urban highways are not contributing to proper planning and site selection, they will disrupt the physical, social, and economic structures of urban neighborhoods and cause to many environmental problemes including air pollution. To avoid these adverse outcomes, it should be thought in advance about sufficient financial resources and possible practical methods to acquire land for projects. These consequences are reduced by studying and managing the risk of projects.  },  
Keywords = {urban transportation, urban highway, real estate acquisition, Shush highway, Tehran},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {57-81}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.57},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3442-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3442-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {JahanbakhshASL, Saeed and Dinpashoh, Yagob and AzadehGarebagh, asm},  
title = {Investigation of Relative Importance of Meteorological Variables on Potential Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Southern Alborz Region Introduction}, 
abstract ={Evapotranspiration is one of the main elements of hydrologic cycle. Accurate determination of reference crop potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial in efficient use of water in irrigation practices. ET0 can be measured directly by lysimeters or estimated indirectly by many different empirical methods. Direct measurement is cumbersome, needs for more time and costly. Therefore, many investigators used empirical methods instead of direct measurements to estimate ET0. Nowadays, the FAO-56 Penman Monteith (PMF56) method is known a bench mark for comparing the other empirical methods. For example, in the works of Zare Abyaneh et al. (2016), Biazar et al. (2019), Dinpashoh et al. (2021) and Dinpashoh et al. (2011) PMF56 method was used to estimate ET0 and comparing the outputs of other empirical methods. Many researchers analyzed trends in ET0 time series in different sites around the Earth. Among them it can be referred to the works of Sabziparvar et al. (2008), Babamiri & Dinpashoh (2015), Dinpashoh et al. (2021), Dinpashoh  (2026) and Tabari et al. (2013). ET0 can be affected by many different climatic factors such as maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (RH), wind speed, and actual sunshine hours. Factor analysis (FA) is a multivariate method that reduces data dimensionality. In general, climatic variables have high correlation with each other. On the other hand, these variables affect ET0. The FA can be used to reduce data dimensionality in which correlated variables converted to few uncorrelated factors.  },  
Keywords = {Keywords: Factor Analysis, Southern Alborz, Mann-Kendall, Sen’s Estimator.},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {83-99}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.83},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3436-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3436-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {hamedi, negar and esmaeily, ali and faramarzi, Hassan and shabani, saeid and mohseni, Behrooz},  
title = {Analysis of Wildfire Hazard Potential in Zagros Forests: Investigating Spatial and Temporal Changes and Influential Factors}, 
abstract ={Forest fire in many ecosystems is a natural phenomenon, but also a serious and dangerous threat with environmental, ecological, and physical effects. Therefore, this research investigated the risk areas of fire in Zagros forests identification to evaluate the changes in the time series of deals with a potential fire hazard. To achieve this goal fuzzy layers of analysis network process and order weighted average method were used regularly. For this purpose, fire Zagros forests using satellite images Landsat and MODIS Lordegan city in the period between 2000, 2007, and 2014 and the factors affecting fire are examined. The high-risk areas based on classification utility area and the number of zones were identified as fire-prone areas. In the analytical network process procedure, the largest weighs were assigned to the distance from residential areas and roads, GVMI index, and maximum daily air temperature factors which were 0.209, 0.198, 0.09, and 0.0716, respectively. Time series analysis map showing the extent of critical areas from 2000 to 2014 decreased by investigating the factors affecting fire occurrence in critical areas, distance for roads and residential areas, slope, aspect, GVMI index, and NDVI and maximum temperatures have the greatest impact were on fire. The low-risk scenario and a small amount of compensation with the ROC higher than 0.7 as the best model was the estimated risk of forest fires. The preparation of a map of areas susceptible to fire, as well as analyzing and analyzing the time series of factors affecting the fire in different years, is an effective step in helping forest managers to plan and implement preventive operations in high-risk areas.  },  
Keywords = {Analytical Network Process, Lordegan, Time Series, Order Weighted Average},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {101-115}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.101},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3450-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3450-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mirshafie, Aliakbar},  
title = {Assessment of the measurement statistics of model accuracy and the appropriate use of them (Case study: Interpolation of Precipitation in Fars province)}, 
abstract ={Assessment of the measurement statistics of model accuracy and the appropriate use of them (Case study: Interpolation of Precipitation in Fars province) Abstract In many scientific researches, error measurement statistics are often used without taking notices into account when selecting a model or method for the spatial analysis of environmental hazards. In order to assess the accuracy of precipitation interpolation methods in Fars province, the performance of widely used error measurement statistics and some comments were implemented. Spatial interpolation of precipitation was accomplished using inverse distance weighting, kriging, co-kriging, and radial basis functions methods with 161 weather stations (22 synoptic and 139 rain gauge stations) for 2018 as a rainy year. The results of MBE statistic evaluation indicated that the researcher may have chosen the incorrect interpolation method in certain cases where the sum of the positive and negative values became zero. In addition, this statistic is limited to indicating overestimation or underestimation and should not be used for assessing accuracy or selecting interpolation techniques. Regarding the coefficient of determination (r 2 ), the results revealed that due to the lack of compatibility in the magnitude of the range of this coefficient (0 to 1) with error values (100 to 400 mm for the interpolation of precipitation in Fars province), its use in evaluation of the accuracy of a method is not recommended. In terms of NRMSE, the results showed that samples with a small number of observations (n=3), its value increased excessively (NRMSE=0.35) when compared to samples with a bigger number of data (n=20, NRMSE=0.097). Therefore, it is not advised to use this statistic. In conclusion, since MAE and RMSE statistics provide a more realistic error value, it is advised to use them for assessing the accuracy of interpolation methods. Keywords: Precipitation, Error evaluation statistics, Interpolation methods, Fars province},  
Keywords = {Precipitation, Error evaluation statistics, Interpolation methods, Fars province},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {117-136}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.117},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3401-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3401-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Asgari, Shamsollah and Shirani, Kourosh},  
title = {Evaluation of the effective factors in gully erosion sensitivity using Dempster-Shafer}, 
abstract ={Gully erosion is one of the advanced forms of soil erosion, which needs to be analyzed and identified in order to protect the soil. In this research, according to the complex system of factors influencing the creation of ditch erosion, 23 factors were analyzed in the two famous Dempster-Schiffer models and the entropy model, and using Google Earth images and field visits, 331 ditch points were identified, recorded, and a ditch distribution map was prepared. Spatial data of gully erosion distribution were divided into two random training (70%) and experimental (30%) groups. In this research, two indicators of tolerance coefficient and variance inflation factor were used to check the collinearity test, and as a result, two indicators of waterway density and relative humidity index were removed and 21 factors were used in the modeling process. The output results of the layers, weighting and classification and integration in two Dempster-Schiffer and entropy models are the extraction of the zoning map of the gully's erodibility sensitivity. and 30% of the calibration and validation of the models, the area under the ROC system performance characteristic curve and the area under the AUC diagram of the Dempster-Schiffer model with an explanation factor of 0.934 and the maximum entropy model with an explanation factor of 0.936, both models have an acceptable percentage of the area under the curve were that this issue shows the high performance of both models in the region. Among other results of statistical analysis, the prioritization of the impact of 21 factors in causing ditch erosion in the region was determined. The scientific results of the research can be promoted and taught, and from the practical point of view, the relevant executive body to control ditch erosion can take the necessary measures using the results of this research.  },  
Keywords = {Ilam basin, gully erosion, topographical indicators, maximum entropy model, Dempster Shafer model},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {137-159}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.2.137},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3433-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3433-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Darroudi, Hadi and Khosroshahi, Mohammad and Shahabi, Masoumeh},  
title = {Investigating of climatic elements affecting the sand dunes activity and sensitivity analysis using the Lancaster index (Case study: Iranshahr)}, 
abstract ={Dust storms affect different regions of the globe countries and Iran. The dust storm events were considered as one of the climatic components in arid and semi-arid regions and it is called one of the most important environmental problems of these regions. Therefore, in this research, the activity class of sand dunes were investigated based on the Lancaster index in Iranshahr city in Sistan and Baluchistan province. The aim of this study is to investigate the climatic different conditions on the mobility of sand dunes in Iranshahr city. Meteorological data for synoptic station of Iranshahr were collected from the Iranian Meteorological Organization for 15 years (2003 to 2018). After examining the wind speed velocity in Iranshahr, and extracting the seasonal and annual Wind rose diagrams, Dust Storm Index (DSI) was calculated.  Finally, the effects of possible changes in climatic elements on the mobility of sand dunes were predicted. The results showed a significant correlation between the Lancaster index and the amount of annual rainfall, wind and drought index. The results of the sensitivity analysis also showed that if the frequency of erosive winds and potential evaporation and transpiration increases to 30%, the activity of sand dunes in Iranshahr station increases by 25 and 23%, respectively, on the other hand, with a 30% increase in rainfall, the activity of sand dunes decreases by 30%.  },  
Keywords = {Iranshahr, Lancaster index, Sand dunes, Sensitivity analysis},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.2},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3421-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3421-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {omidvar, Kamal and yousefiramandi, rohollah and toofani, hajar},  
title = {Investigation and monitoring of atmospheric pollution over Iran using Sentinel 5 satellite}, 
abstract ={Air pollution can have serious negative effects on human health, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Monitoring and controlling air pollutants is very important to protect public health and the environment. Like many developing countries, Iran is facing air pollution, especially in its big cities and industrial cities. One of the powerful tools in air pollution monitoring is remote sensing methods. The aim of this study is to use relatively high-resolution satellite data to monitor air quality and air pollution using Sentinel-5 (Sentinel-5P) sensor images. In this study, a comprehensive monitoring based on the values of some of the most important air pollutants (including AI, O3, NO2, SO2, CH4 and CO) has been done using Sentinel-5 satellite images for Iran in 2019-2023. The results of this research showed that the emission of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide gases had a decreasing trend (in the months of June as an example of the examined month), but nitrogen dioxide gas, methane gas, ozone gas and aerosols had an increasing trend during the month. from June 2021 to 2023. In general, air pollution is more serious in the northern parts of the country, especially in big cities and several large urban gatherings. In this study, it was investigated how the levels of six air pollutants in Iran vary and differ from June 2019 to 2023. Another important result of this research is that the total amount of air pollution in 2020-2023 has faced an increasing trend compared to 2019. Also, the monitoring by Sentinel-5 satellite images shows that in recent years, Tehran has had the most polluted air in terms of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and suspended particles (dust). Also, changes in the concentration of pollutants do not follow a specific pattern. It was also found that the GEE system is able to process a large amount of data in a very short time with high accuracy.  },  
Keywords = {Pollutants, pollution, methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and aerosol (AI), Sentinel-5P},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {15-20}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.3},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3432-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3432-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ashkriz, Omid and Falahati, Fatemeh and Garakani, Amir},  
title = {Detection of flood zones using machine learning algorithms and remote sensing to determine the area of land under flood damage (case study: March 2019 flood in Aqqla city)}, 
abstract ={The growth of settlements and the increase of human activities in the floodplains, especially the banks of rivers and flood-prone places, have increased the amount of capital caused by this risk. Therefore, it is very important to determine the extent of the watershed in order to increase risk reduction planning, preparedness and response and reopening of this risk. The present study uses the common pattern of the machine and the classification of Sentinel 2 images to produce land cover maps, in order to construct sandy areas and determine land issues affected by the flood of March 2018 in Aqqla city. Also, in order to check and increase the accuracy of the algorithms, three software indices of vegetation cover (NDVI), water areas (MNDWI) and built-up land (NDBI) were used using images. The different sets of setting of each algorithm were evaluated by cross-validation method in order to determine their effect on the accuracy of the results and prevent the optimistic acquisition of spatial correlation from the training and test samples. The results show that the combination of different indices in order to increase the overall accuracy of the algorithms and to produce land cover maps, the forest algorithm is used with an accuracy of 83.08% due to the use of the collection method of higher accuracy and generalizability than compared to. Other algorithms of support vector machine and neural network with accuracy of 79.11% and 75.44% of attention respectively. After determining the most accurate algorithm, the map of flood zones was produced using the forest algorithm in two classes of irrigated and non-irrigated lands, and the overall accuracy of the algorithm in the most optimal models and by combining vegetation indices (MNDWI) was 93.40%. Then, with overlapping maps of land cover and flood plains, the surface of built-up land, agricultural land and green space covered by flood was 4.2008 and 41.0772 square kilometers, respectively.  },  
Keywords = {Detection of the flood zone, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, Spatial Cross Validation Method, Remote Sensing.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {21-34}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.1},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3370-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3370-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadeghiravesh, Mohammad Hass},  
title = {Zoning potential of desertification intensity using  Moora and Aras scoring models}, 
abstract ={The zoning of phenomena in order to recognize and evaluate the current situation as a basis for decision-making is one of the of scientific management essentials of natural resources. In the management of desert areas to prevent paying exorbitant costs and making incorrect decisions, strong and well-reasoned methods are needed to understand the current situation and the development process. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to provide a suitable model for zoning the spatial distribution of desertification risk by using Moora, Aras scoring techniques and the use of geographic information system in Yazd-Khizrabad sub-basin. At first, after determining the working units by geomorphological method, the importance of indicators in each unit was obtained based on the Delphi method. Shannon's entropy method was used for the relative importance of indicators. Then the decision matrix was formed and after weighting, the potential of desertification intensity was estimated by calculating the desirability coefficient from Moora and Aras scoring method. The results of the analysis of both models showed that the land units of Mountain Agricultural Grounds (MAG) and Plan Agricultural Grounds (PAG) have the highest desertification potential, which covers 7135 ha (9.11%) of the entire study area and Quantitative value of desertification potential for the whole region based on the all of indicators was placed in the middle class (IV). It is suggested that the obtained results and ranking should be taken into consideration in the plans for controlling and reducing the effects of desertification and rehabilitating degraded lands.  },  
Keywords = {Aras, zoning, desertification, multi-criteria decision making, hierarchical structure, points models, Moora.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {35-54}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.4},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3441-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3441-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {mahmoodi, Mehran and Karami, Tajeddin and AminiParsa, Vahid and Zanganeh, Ahmad and Alavi, Seyed Jalil},  
title = {Analysis of Environmental Inequality in Middle East Cities Based on the Systematic Review Method.}, 
abstract ={This research employs a systematic review approach to comprehensively evaluate environmental inequalities in Middle East cities. The Middle East, due to rapid urbanization and unsustainable development, faces complex environmental challenges that disproportionately affect low-income and marginalized populations. In this study, 60 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023 from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were examined. Statistical analyses revealed that environmental inequalities in this region have been exacerbated by weaknesses in coordinated policymaking and cultural-geographical differences. Temporal patterns indicated an increasing trend in these inequalities over the past decade, while thematic analyses uncovered detrimental impacts on public health, air quality, and access to water resources.Geographical assessments demonstrated that specific areas are more vulnerable to environmental hazards due to climatic and economic conditions. By identifying gaps in existing scientific literature and current policies, this research proposes strategies to enhance environmental justice and improve conditions in Middle Eastern cities. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for developing effective policy strategies and future research in the field of environmental justice in the region. By presenting a comprehensive analytical framework, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of environmental inequalities in the Middle East and paves the way for targeted interventions},  
Keywords = {Environmental inequality, justice, Middle East, systematic review, sustainable urban development},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {55-72}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.7},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3461-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3461-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {jafari, mohammadrez},  
title = {Zoning of mass movement in the Cham gardlan watershed of Ilam  and investigation of factors affecting its occurrence}, 
abstract ={Considering that there are different forms of mass movements in the ChamGardlan watershed, especially along communication routes, agricultural and residential areas, it is necessary to create refugee maps Therefore, it is impossible to examine the factors influencing its situation in order to prevent and control this phenomenon. Therefore, during the field visits, geographical, physiography, land use, vegetation cover, soil, climatology, geography and geomorphology maps were produced in the GIS environment. The method of this research has been accomplished base of distinction of the geomorphological units while using aerial photos and crossing  basis maps. Then, the effective factors on the occuration of mass movements were studied using logistic regression equations. So that, the factors such as slope, geological formation type, pedologic, climatic, etc. were taked into consideration as independant variables, and mass movements occurance frequency as function of mentioned factors.The result indicated that the effective factors related to frequency of land sliding happening in the area in arrangement, are slope, geological formation type and mass  movements  type (both kind and amount of salts in soil) and also landuse.  },  
Keywords = {Mass movement, logistic regression, aerial photo, GIS},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {73-94}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.8},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rafiee, Ghazale and Maleki, Aida and Shahbazi, Yaser and Molaei, Asghar},  
title = {Identifying environmental factors influencing biological crises Research sample: Tabriz metropolis}, 
abstract ={Natural biological crises are a constant threat to human societies; Therefore, it is considered important to be prepared to control and prevent such disasters. In dealing with such urban crises, addressing the category of non-pharmacological interventions against infectious diseases can be a way forward. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to find the main effective indicators in the epidemic and to explain the environmental components resulting from the interaction and correlation of the relevant measurable indicators at the locality level based on previous environmental studies.  In this research, in order to obtain a community of opinion about effective indicators in epidemiological crises, a systematic search was first conducted using the keyword of pandemic resilience. For this purpose, several widely used databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Elsevier were searched between 2013 and 2023. After checking the quality of the conducted researches, 42 indicators were selected. Further, in order to find out the underlying variables and identify the basic factors or criteria in order to explain the correlation pattern between the observed variables, the exploratory factor analysis method was used and SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data. Data from 118 Tabriz neighborhoods were used for exploratory factor analysis. After collecting the data, the process of change, standardization has been done to prepare the data and convert the raw data into percentage, growth rate, average and ratio. Then, the status of urban resilience components against epidemic diseases was calculated and normalized separately based on factor load for each neighborhood. Finally, the results were illustrated using Arc GIS software.  The findings of the research indicate that 42 indicators affecting the spread of epidemic diseases at the level of localities can be re-categorized into 8 components of accumulation, diversity and design, social factors, density, economic factors, health infrastructure, environmental pollution and green spaces. Also, based on the findings, it can be said that the condition of most of the components in the neighborhoods of Tabriz city is at an average level.  Based on the results, the effects of environmental factors on the transmission of Covid-19 are differentiated spatially. These components represent more than 82% of the changes in effective environmental factors.  },  
Keywords = {healthy city, exploratory factor analysis, covid-19, pandemic, epidemic.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {95-108}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.6},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3455-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3455-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shamsipour, Ali Akbar and Shoja, Faeze and Amrayi, Fatemeh},  
title = {Assessment of Habitat Quality and Spatial Vulnerability of Natural Landscapes in Khorramabad Urban Area}, 
abstract ={The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the supporting services of the ecosystem, called habitat quality, and to assess the spatial vulnerability of natural landscapes in the city of Khorramabad using the InVEST habitat quality module. To achieve this objective, it is essential to identify the sources of threats, the relative weight of each threat, the maximum distance of its effect in space, the types of habitats, and the sensitivity of each to the source of the threat. In addition, one of the most important inputs of InVEST is the land use/land cover (LULC) of the study area. The Local Climate Zone classification method has been used for the creation of this map. Finally, the model generates spatial distribution maps of habitat quality and degradation across the landscape by combining LULC and different threat sources. The findings indicated that the city, airport, and highway factors are the most destructive threat factors to all habitats with an average score of 0.51, 0.345, and 0.33, respectively. Compared to other LULC, water, dense trees, and scattered trees suffered the most destruction, with sensitivity ratings of 0.47, 0.39, and 0.36, respectively. The results also revealed that habitat quality in Khorramabad is at a medium to low level, and the habitat quality is in very good condition in only 3% of the landscape area.  },  
Keywords = {Ecosystem services, Habitat quality, InVEST module, LULC.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {109-124}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.3.5},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3451-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3451-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azmoon, Amir and Fasihi, Habibollah and Sasanpour, Farzaneh and Parizadi, Taher and Shamaei, Ali},  
title = {Analysis of the indicators of environment approaching to the right to a healthy environment (Case study: District 20 of Tehran Municipality)}, 
abstract ={Human health depends on living in a healthy environment. Various factors determine environmental health, which should be explored to be able to improve them. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the health level of urban environment in district 20 of Tehran municipality and to find out their spatial inequality. This is a descriptive-analytical research based on documentary data of 6 indicators and survey data of 26 indicators. For the analysis, various tools of the GIS, especially the spatial analysis tool of Interpolation, are used. Quantitative analyzes are carried out by calculating statistical parameters in attribute tables. Findings show that the score of 2.29 out of 5 in the evaluation range of 1 to 5, indicates a poor situation of environmental health. Higher weakness belongs to the 6 indicators of the economic dimension including saving, sufficient income for buying cultural goods or going to recreational journeys, and residential home per capita. Access to urban parks and green spaces with scores of 4.55 and 3.43 respectively, show a superiority compared to other indicators. In the outskirts, the environmental health condition is much weaker than in the interior areas. Despite the vastness of worn-out fabric and informal constructions and abandoned spaces, what is more effective are the impacts of external factors, 3 sides of the district are limited to fringe lands, where the establishment of polluting industries, the passage of sewage canals and the replacement of foreign and the population involved in informal and illegal jobs are affected the health level of the urban environment.  },  
Keywords = {Environment, Spatial analysis, Tehran’s District 20 municipality, Urban health},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.7},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3468-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3468-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {NazimRazavi, seyed Mohamad and SaeediRezvani, Navid and Rashtian, Seyyed Mohamm},  
title = {Review of the role of urban governance and creativity in order to regenerate and reduce the risks of worn-out tissues in Semnan}, 
abstract ={The old textures of Semnan are part of the body and body of this city and It has physical, functional, economic and cultural values ​​that with capabilities and talents potential, is considered a national capital. This body and structure are exposed to fundamental threats and requires the diagnosis of issues, challenges and their organization to prevent risks. The research pattern in terms of purpose, cognitive-evaluation; In terms of method, documentary - Library and field; In terms of time, sectional and in terms of data type, quantitative-qualitative. To determine the The sample size of the Cochran formula was used and 380 cases were determined as the final sample size for the research They were determined and the method of selecting respondents from among the residents of the studied area, with a sample The sampling was done randomly. Analyzes are done in the Spss environment and from Statistical tests such as; T-test, Friedman and numerical taxonomy for analysis has been used. The result of the one-sample T-test showed that the variables of good urban governance, in A level of less than 05/0 is significant and has an average situation in the worn-out fabric of Semnan city. Also The result of the test confirmed that the best situation is related to the axis of justice index with an average The rank was 24/4. The result of the test also It showed that the condition of worn-out tissue regeneration is weak. The results of the Friedman test also showed that there is a significant difference between the rank of variables. Based on the average ranks, the security variable with an average of 4.997 was in First place, followed by education, economy, health, culture, urban services and sports, respectively They were placed. Also The results of the analysis for 27 indicators show that the values Social and human development have the highest averages. Indicators related to identity Historical, internal development and health have also performed well. In contrast, public participation It has had the weakest performance. Most indicators such as accountability, Identity, attachment, interaction, income and infrastructure are at a medium to high level.  },  
Keywords = {Keywords: urban governance, regeneration, Friedman test, justice axis, worn-out fabric of Semnan},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {15-28}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.8},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3480-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3480-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {yarihesar, Arastoo and heidarysarban, Vakil and Imani, Bahram and sarani, samaneh},  
title = {Evaluating the effects of social capital on socio-economic indicators affecting the reduction of vulnerability from the spread of covid-19 in the border villages of Sistan}, 
abstract ={he spread of Covid-19 in the rural areas of the country has caused more dangers due to the common rural cultures, and the ignorance and lack of efficient management of this crisis in the villages has caused irreparable consequences for these areas. In such cases, the existence of social capital can be very vital in creating national consensus and successful policies to pass this critical stage. Leading research is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. To determine the sample size of villagers, using Cochran's formula, from the total of 6903 households in sample villages, 362 households were calculated as sample households to complete the questionnaire. In order to investigate the effects of social capital on economic and social indicators that are effective in reducing the vulnerability of the outbreak of Covid-19 in the border villages of Sistan, a wide range of indicators was determined, and from the one-sample T-test and the analysis of variance of the regression model to measure the The evaluation of the effects of social capital on socio-economic indicators effective in reducing the vulnerability of the outbreak of Covid-19 in the border villages of Sistan was used. The results of the research showed that the higher the level of people's participation and their trust towards each other, the higher the level of responsibility and knowledge of people, it has a positive role and effect on social and economic indicators in order to reduce the vulnerability of the spread of the covid disease. has had 19  },  
Keywords = {Keywords: Covid-19, social capital, economic, social, Sistan.},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {29-44}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.1},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3424-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3424-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AsghariSarasekanrood, sayyad and sharifi, zahra and shahbazi, zahr},  
title = {Zoning Landslide Hazard in the Masal to Gilvan Road Using a Neural Network  Algorithm}, 
abstract ={Landslides, as one of the most dangerous natural hazards in mountainous regions, continuously threaten human infrastructure, especially roads and transportation routes. Their occurrence often results in significant loss of life and property, making it crucial to study and assess landslide hazards for effective zoning. The purpose of this research is to zone the landslide hazard along the Masal to Gilvan road using a neural network algorithm. The neural network algorithm is recognized as one of the most effective machine learning models, capable of solving complex problems in prediction and classification despite its simplicity. For this zoning analysis, nine influencing factors were considered: (1) geology, (2) vegetation cover, (3) slope, (4) land use, (5) distance from the road, (6) slope aspect, (7) elevation, (8) distance from fault lines, and (9) distance from rivers. The data were prepared, preprocessed, and then entered into MATLAB 2018. A neural network model was designed and implemented with 9 input neurons, 8 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron. The results indicated that the four most influential factors, ranked by weight, were: slope (0.24), vegetation cover (0.17), distance from fault lines (0.14), and geology (0.11). Final validation using the ROC curve showed that the AUC values were 0.854 for the training phase and 0.971 for the testing phase, both of which reflect highly favorable results. The error rate was found to be very low.  },  
Keywords = {Zoning, Landslide, Neural Network, Algorithm},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {45-60}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.6},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3463-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3463-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Asgari, shamsollah and shadfar, sam},  
title = {Landslide risk zoning using artificial neural network (ANN) in Mishkhas watershed of Ilam}, 
abstract ={ Landslides are one of the natural hazards that threaten human life and property. A landslide may destroy tens, hundreds and maybe thousands of hectares of land in a short time. For years, this hazard has destroyed orchard lands, fields, forest areas and pastures, communication roads, and rural settlements in the Mishkhas mountainous region of Ilam province. Landslide risk zoning is necessary to control this risk in this basin. The main goal of this research is the zoning of landslide risk areas in this watershed. One of the new methods to investigate the risk of landslides is the artificial neural network method. This method has advantages over other methods, the statistical distribution of the data is independent and does not require special statistical variables. In this research, first, a landslide distribution map was prepared in the selected basin. Then, the relationship between independent variables such as slope, lithology, distance from fault, land use, distance from road network, distance from waterways, direction of slope with areas affected by landslides was investigated. After preparing the weighted maps, these layers were converted into numerical information in the ArcGIS software environment, and after standardization, they were entered into the MATLAB software, and a program with a perceptron structure was written with the learning algorithm after the error propagation. After determining the structure of the artificial neural network and its training and testing, the evaluated results and the output of the network in the geographic information systems environment became a landslide risk map. The resulting risk map was calculated into different risk zones, classification and amount of landslide in each zone. The results of the analysis of the factors showed that in the Mishkhas basin of Ilam, Asmari Formation, the slope is 10-20%, the distance from the fault is more than 500 meters, the northeast direction, the distance from waterways is more than 100 meters, fruit orchards are the most sensitive land uses and the distance from the road is more than 200 meters are the most sensitive classes to the occurrence of landslides and have the highest rate of occurrence of landslides in the basin. On the other hand, the results of landslide risk zoning using artificial neural network method showed that in Mishkhas Basin of Ilam, about 80% of landslides are in high and very high-risk zones.},  
Keywords = {zoning, artificial neural network, perceptron, error back propagation, landslide},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {61-76}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.4},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3453-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3453-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {GhahroudiTali, manijeh and Khodamoradi, Farhad and alinoori, Khadijeh},  
title = {Analysis of the relationship between land use changes and the intensification of land subsidence in the Dehgolan plain of Kurdistan province}, 
abstract ={Subsidence as an environmental hazard is caused by various natural and human factors. The drastic changes in land use, the increase in the number of deep wells, and the effects of the subsidence phenomenon in Dehgolan plain show the need to investigate these influencing factors. In such a situation, adequate understanding of the degree of vulnerability and investigation of the influencing factors in that process provides the opportunity for planning and environmental preparation of the space in order to reduce vulnerability. In this research, first, the NDVI index of the plain was investigated with the help of 15 Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite images, and the best date was selected for the Sentinel-1 images. In this way, 8 Sentinel-1 satellite images were analyzed over a period of 8 years (2014-2021) and all the images were analyzed and processed in eight stages with the help of SNAP software. 3 Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images were used to investigate land use changes (2000-2021).By applying atmospheric and radiometric corrections and finally performing the supervised classification method using Arc GIS software, land use was extracted and its changes were checked. The interferometric results showed that the Dehgolan plain suffered a total of 480 mm of subsidence. So that 60 mm of subsidence has occurred in this plain every year. In the end, with the preparation of the map of land use changes, the classes of irrigated agricultural and residential lands increased by 6.98, 1.47 percent, and the uses of pasture, forest and rainfed lands were faced with a sharp decrease, so that irrigated lands increased by 8477 and residential by 672 hectares. Is. The results obtained from the analysis of the relationship between water use and subsidence showed that rapid subsidence occurs mainly in water and urban land use classes. This is a consequence of increasing water extraction for agriculture and drinking. Usually, the pattern of land use conversion with more human influences has increased the rate of subsidence.  },  
Keywords = {subsidence, radar interferometry, SNAP, land use, Dehgolan Plain},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {77-94}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.2},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3448-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3448-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nasserzadeh, Mohammad Hossein and karbalaee, Ali Reza and ghaderirastaghi, maryam},  
title = {Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Concentration and Its Zonation in Mazandaran Province}, 
abstract ={Precipitation concentration denotes the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation within a watershed, and has a substantial influence on hydrology and water resource management. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation concentrations in Mazandaran Province. Precipitation data from eight meteorological stations covering the period from 2002 to 2021 were used, and the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the precipitation concentration in this province exhibited significant spatial and temporal variation. The highest PCI values were recorded in the western regions, particularly in Babolsar and Nowshahr, indicating high concentrations of precipitation during specific seasons. Conversely, the eastern region displayed a more uniform precipitation distribution. Seasonal analyses confirmed that spring was the least rainy season and autumn was the wettest. Additionally, Inter-annual variations in PCI indicated an increasing trend at some stations, suggesting a growing concentration of precipitation in recent years. Spatial analysis of PCI patterns also indicated that the southwestern and eastern regions of the province, influenced by topographic factors and distance from the Caspian Sea, experienced relative precipitation concentration during specific months. In contrast, the northern and northwestern regions, which are affected by Mediterranean weather systems and recent climate change, demonstrate an irregular and seasonal distribution of precipitation. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of considering spatial and temporal variations in precipitation concentrations in the management of water resources and hydrological processes in Mazandaran Province. The observed increasing trend in PCI highlights the need to develop adaptive strategies to address the challenges posed by extreme precipitation events and prolonged dry periods.},  
Keywords = {Mazandaran, precipitation, PCI (Precipitation Concentration Index)},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {95-108}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.5},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3460-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3460-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghobakhloo, Pouria and KianianGolafshani, Mohammad Kia and Salehpour, Amin and Nikoo, Shim},  
title = {Prioritization of Obstacles to Public Participation in the Implementation of Desertification Projects: the Experience of Local Communities from the Implementation of Desertification Projects in Garmsar City, Semnan Province}, 
abstract ={Desertification is a complex issue, which is caused by both natural processes and human activities. This includes land degradation due to various factors such as wind and water erosion, destruction of vegetation and reduction of water resources. Sustainable human development depends on three key elements: people, resources and participation. The purpose of this research is to identify the criteria and indicators that affect the non-sustainable participation of rural communities in desertification plans, to prioritize these criteria and indicators based on the local residents' point of view, and to provide solutions to increase the participation of villagers. The communities in the desertification plans of this research are the villages of Ghayasabad, Shorkazi and Mohsen Abad in Garmsar city, which have existing plans for desertification. After the initial evaluation of the areas, talking with the local residents, appropriate criteria and indicators for preparing the questionnaire were determined and distributed among the people. In order to analyze the questionnaires, the Friedman test was used to prioritize the indicators. The results showed that educational criterion is the most important criterion of non-participation of people in desertification projects from the point of view of local communities (2.69 rank) and social (2.63), economic (2.35) and Planning (2/33) from the point of view of local communities were prioritized in the next stages. Also, Friedman's test showed that, from the point of view of local communities, the index of non-use of local promoter groups, with an average rank of 11.72 and 10.33, respectively, is the most important index affecting people's non-participation in desert projects. were detected.  },  
Keywords = {Desertification, indicator, Friedman, participation, Garmsar},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {109-121}, 
publisher = {دانشگاه خوارزمی},

doi = {10.61186/jsaeh.11.4.3},
url = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3449-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3449-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts},  
issn = {2423-7892}, 
eissn = {2588-5146}, 
year = {2025}  
}