دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Assessment of using artificial intelligence in completeness of Volunteer Geographic Information. A case study for Open Street Map (OSM) landuse data. 1 15 FA Javad Sadidi Kharazmi university jsadidikhu@gmail.com Y Fatemeh tamnia Kharazmi university fatemetamnia1374@gmail.com N Hani rezaian Kharazmi university hani.rezayan@gmail.com N 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.3 Nowadays, deep learning as a branch of artificial intelligence acts as an alternative for human with hopeful outcomes. Open Street Map as the biggest open source data is used as a complementary data sources for spatial projects. It is notable that is some advanced counties the accuracy of VGI data is higher than governmental official data. This research aims to use artificial intelligence to produce and subsequently promote completeness of OSM data. Res_UNet architecture was utilized to train landuse categories to the network. The result shows that IoU metric is about 83 percent that implies a high accuracy paradigm. Then, united-based method was used to calculated completeness of OSM data. The unit-based results show that completeness of building blocks, forest, fruits garden and agriculture land are: 3.6, 9.7, 90.4 and 81.88 respectively. It shows the low volunteer  participation rate to produce OSM data. On the other side the high accuracy achieved by deep learning leads us to complete OSM data by artificial intelligence instead of human prepared data. The advantage of using machine rather than human may be utilized in undeveloped countries or low density population regions as well as inaccessible areas.   artificial intelligence, deep learning, OSM, Land use, unit-based, Karaj http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3398-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3398-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Changes and Forecasting the Future of Freezing in Hamadan Province 17 35 FA sahar afiati Kharazmi University s.afiati.climate@gmail.com Y bohloul alijani Kharazmi University bralijani@gmail.com N sayyed mohammad hosseini Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University h.climate@yahoo.com N 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.1 Cold and frost are one of the climatic hazards that cause damage to various activities every year. Climate change, on the other hand, causes spatial and temporal changes in glaciation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal-spatial changes and predict the future of glaciers in Hamadan province. CanESM2 model was used to predict the minimum daily temperature in the province. Data mining of general circulation models was Downscaling using LARS-WG model. The above parameters were simulated for a period of 30 years (2050-2021) under three scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for selected stations. The results of the monthly minimum temperature survey in the study stations of the province showed that the minimum temperature in the period (2050-2021) in all studied stations according to all three scenarios will increase in all months of the year compared to the base period. The average minimum temperature of the province is equal to 2.5 degrees Celsius, which in the coming decades based on the scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 will reach 6, 6.2 and 6.3 degrees Celsius, respectively, which is the highest The changes are related to Nojeh station and the lowest is related to Hamedan. The spatial distribution of the beginning and end of freezing in the future period indicates that freezing in the northeastern and northern parts of the province starts earlier and ends later than in other parts of the province, while in the southern parts of the province it starts later and ends earlier. The results of examining the changes in the onset of frost in the next decade compared to the base period showed that in all stations studied the onset of frost will decrease between 3 to 11 days.   Modeling, Downscaling, Climate Scenarios, Climate Change. http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Quantitative Assessment of bank instability of Jajroud river in upstream of Latyan Dam 37 52 FA masumeh gholami University of Kharazmi nnegar0@gmail.com N Ali Ahmadabadi University of Kharazmi ahmadabadi@khu.ac.ir Y ezatollah ghanavati University of Kharazmi ezghanavati@yahoo.com N 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.5 The process of erosion and sedimentation on river banks is often accelerated by natural events and human activities, which lead to natural hazards. This process has also faced serious risks in Jajrud river, urban and rural settlements, agricultural lands, construction structures around the river. The Jajroud River has important importance and effects in securing agricultural water rights, feeding underground aquifers, providing drinking water in the region and the green and natural spaces of Fashm, Migun, Lavasanat and downstream, which has been subject to many changes in recent years due to direct and indirect human interference. including the expansion of urban and rural construction, river engineering operations and wall construction along the river, encroachment on the river boundary and changing the course of the river channels, the use of non-native vegetation on the banks of the river, and as a result, the eco-hydro geomorphological conditions of the river have become unstable. The phenomenon of erosion and sedimentation in Jajroud river has brought negative consequences such as changing the bed, accumulation and settling of large amounts of sediment and overflowing of canal water and as a result the risk of flooding.   bank instability, BEHI index, NBS index, Jajroud river http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3423-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3423-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Investigation of the Most Intense Continuous Monthly Floods (October-March) during the Statistical Period of 1989-2021 in Iran 53 76 FA mozhgan shahriyari University of Lorestan Shahmojgan52@gmail.com N mostafa karampoor University of Lorestan karampoor.m@lu.ac.ir Y hoshang ghaemi Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Cente Hoo_ghaemi@yahoo.com N dariush yarahmadi University of Lorestan d.yarahmadi@gmail.com N mohammad moradi Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Cente moradim36@gmail.com N 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.6 Flash floods are one of the most dangerous natural events and often cause loss of life and damage to infrastructure and the environment. This research investigated the occurrence of the most intense continuous monthly floods (October-March) from 1989 to 2021. Precipitation data from 115 synoptic stations were selected. Then, the total rainfall of 1 to 9 days was sorted according to intensity. Using Minitab statistical software and the Andersen-Darling index, heavy rains were extracted based on the 95th percentile. Then, based on the criteria of the highest and lowest number of rainy days, the highest and lowest accumulated rainfall, the wettest and driest months were determined. Considering the three criteria of intensity, continuity, and rainfall coverage, the strongest storms in the wettest months were selected. The data used for synoptic analysis include the average sea level pressure data, the height and vertical component of the wind at 500 hPa, the wind and humidity field specific to the pressure levels 925, 850, and 700 hPa, and the horizontal moisture flux values specific to the pressure level 925, 850 and 700 hPa. The probability of the occurrence of atmospheric rivers was identified by the moisture flux extracted from the specific, meridional, and meridional wind components. The results showed that the storms of October 27-31, 2015, November 5-7, 1994, December 12-16, 1991, January 11-15, 2004, February 3-9, 1993, and March 13-15, 1996 were the strongest in the wettest months. During the storms of October, November, February, and March, moisture has been transported from the southwest of the Red Sea by atmospheric rivers to the western, southwestern, southern, and southeastern regions of Iran.   Continuous Rainfall, Wettest Month, Horizontal Flux of Specific Moisture, Moisture Transfer, Iran. http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3425-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3425-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 The effect of Mazandaran sea level fluctuations on coastal land use with a view to the implementation of the sea frontage (case study: Babolsar city) 77 96 FA Khabat Derafshi Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism kh.derafshi@richt.ir Y 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.8 Coastal areas are constantly changing physically and ecologically, depending on natural and human factors. The natural causes of coastline changes are assessed in three ways: short-term changes including the effects of up and down currents, long-term changes including climate change, periodic storms and waves, and accidental changes including sudden natural events. Today, coastal tourism is considered as one of the important factors in the development of coastal areas. In this regard, the Caspian Sea, with many tourist attractions such as lush forests, accessible foothills and mountains, historical monuments and appropriate welfare facilities, benefits from the sea and beaches. The coastal area of Babolsar City, due to its many facilities and capabilities to attract tourists, much of which is due to natural and environmental attractions, every year, hosts a large number of tourists who come to this area to take advantage of its facilities and attractions, including the beautiful beach and very beautiful forests. This coastal area because its dynamic nature, is exposed to permanent erosion and variability due to processes such as river, wind, tectonic, wave and tide and marine transgression-regression in the area causes the destruction of coastal facilities and recreational places. Therefore, any planning to change the land use and construction in this coastal area should be considered in terms of the sea water fluctuation impacts on the shoreline position. Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses.   sea progressive and degressive, coastal tourism, spatial change, sea frontage, Babolsar City http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3446-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3446-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Measuring spatiotemporal change in land use and habitat quality through remote sensing: A case study of the Tajan watershed, north of Iran 97 111 FA Mohammad Rahmani Mazandaran University m.rahmani@umz.ac.ir Y ّFarhan Ahmadi Mirghaed Mazandaran University f.ahmadi.m@gmail.com N Sareh Mollaaghajanzadeh Mazandaran University aghajanzadeh.geo@gmail.com N 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.2 This study aimed to assess the habitat quality of the Tajan watershed in northern Iran through land use changes from 1992 to 2052 and to investigate its relationship with landscape metrics, including number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), edge density (ED), largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), and splitting index (SPLIT). Landsat 8 and 4 images were processed to produce land use maps for 1992, 2022, and 2052 using maximum likelihood, cross-combination, and CA-Markov methods in ENVI and TerrSet software. Habitat quality was also assessed using InVEST in three scenarios based on the land use maps. Relationships were analyzed using least squares regression and Spearman's correlation test. The results showed that from 1992 to 2052, forest and agricultural areas had the most decreasing (-82,460 hectares) and increasing (76,392 hectares) changes, respectively. Habitats in the central part of the watershed had higher quality than those in the northern and southern parts. The relationship between habitat quality and land use changes is significant and inverse (-0.95<r</r   Habitat quality, Land use, Landsat, InVEST, Remote sensing http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Statistical-spatial modeling of the potential of landslide occurrence in Yamchi catchment 113 130 FA Fahimeh Pourfarrashzadeh University of Mohaghegh Ardabili pourfarrashf@gmail.com N Fariba Beyghipour Motlagh University of Mohaghegh Ardabili fb4180532787@gmail.com N Mortaza Gharachorlu University of Mohaghegh Ardabili morchorloo@gmail.com Y 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.4 This study aimed to systematically explain the potential of the landslide occurrence to provide a prediction model of the possibility of this phenomenon in the Yamchi catchment in Ardebil province. In this regard, both approaches of discrete and continuous variables were used by means of overlay and logistic regression, respectively. Independent variables included elevation, slope, aspect, lithology, annual rainfall, roughness, general curvature, topographic wetness index, vegetation index, distance to fault, distance to stream and distance to road. The results, firstly, revealed the areas with high landslide potential by the matching layers of independent variables with the landslide layer in the geographical information system (GIS). These areas were in the middle elevation, high slopes, northern slope, high roughness, erodible formations, high rainfall, medium vegetation, surroundings of faults and rivers. Secondly, the results of the logistics regression model by providing a prediction equation of probability of landslide occurrence showed that the resulting model with pseudo r2 and ROC 0.22 and 0.86, respectively, had good power and efficiency to predict landslide through the catchment. In addition, the resulting beta coefficients for independent variables indicated that the importance of the variables was as follows: vegetation index distance to road, rain, lithology, distance to fault, elevation, topographic wetness index, roughness index, aspect, slope, and distance to river. In the end, the need to pay serious attention to the supporting and protection of vegetation cover of the mid -range and upstream of the catchment was determined because of unstable geomorphic conditions of these areas.   Landslide, Hazard, Logistic Regression Model, Yamchi http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3409-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3409-en.pdf

دانشگاه خوارزمی Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental hazarts 2423-7892 2588-5146 11 1 2024 5 1 Geotourism is one of the important pillars of tourism, which plays an important role in the economic and social development of regions, and this issue is doubly important in border regions. Considering that one of the ways to create security in the border zone is the economic development of the region, therefore, the development of geotourism in the border zone of the country is important. Considering the importance of the issue, in this research, the effects of geotourism development in creating sustainable security in Marivan city have been analyzed. In this research, the 30-meter height digital model of SRTM, the results of interviews and library studies have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice and SPSS. Also, in this research, Comanescu models, AHP and SWOT model were used. According to the intended goals, this research has been carried out in several stages, in the first stage to identify and evaluate geosites, in the second stag 131 142 FA Mehdi Safari Namivandi faculty member of the University of Police Sciences safarimehdi534@gmail.com Y 10.61186/jsaeh.11.1.7 Geotourism is one of the important pillars of tourism, which plays an important role in the economic and social development of regions, and this issue is doubly important in border regions. Considering that one of the ways to create security in the border zone is the economic development of the region, therefore, the development of geotourism in the border zone of the country is important. Considering the importance of the issue, in this research, the effects of geotourism development in creating sustainable security in Marivan city have been analyzed. In this research, the 30-meter height digital model of SRTM, the results of interviews and library studies have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice and SPSS. Also, in this research, Comanescu models, AHP and SWOT model were used. According to the intended goals, this research has been carried out in several stages, in the first stage to identify and evaluate geosites, in the second stage to analyze the effects of geotourism development on the goals of sustainable development and regional security, and in the third stage to identify effective factors. The development of geotourism has been discussed. The evaluation results of the identified geosites based on the Comanescu model have shown that the geosites of Marivan city have a high potential for the development of geotourism, which can be paid attention to with economic development, environmental development, infrastructure development and finally, it should be associated with the stable security of the region. Also, the results of the SWOT model have shown that the existence of rare geosites with a weight of 0.08, the lack of long-term development plans with a weight of 0.08, the creation of stable security in the region with a weight of 0.091, and the seasonality of employment with Weight 0.058, respectively, are considered as the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of geotourism development in Marivan city.   Geosite, Economic development, Border security, Marivan city http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3444-en.html http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3444-en.pdf