Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards

Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards

Estimation of the Potential of Wind Erosion and Deposition Using IRIFR Method in Miandasht Esfarayen Region

Authors
Hamid alipour
sayedenegar hasheminasab hasheminasab
Amir hossein hatefi
Azam Gholamnia
Yasser shahnavaz
Abstract
Wind erosion is important in areas with less than 150 mm of rainfall Measuring the extent and severity of wind erosion in many countries, including Iran, there is no station to measure wind erosion sediments and so the deposition estimation methods rely on empirical models so that in many cases there are measurement errors. With estimates wind and water erosion and deposition potential compared using IRIFR EA and MPSIAC models in semi-arid Nematabad Bijar watershed concluded that the IRIFR model quantitatively and qualitatively accuracy and, due to a 22.6% wind erosion and 77.4 percent water erosion effective in reducing the fertility of soil (Ahmadi et al, 2006). This study estimates deposition and wind erosion potential using IRIFR method in esfarayen Miandasht region.

In this study, the data collection and basic research in the area uses of maps such as topography, geology, geomorphology, land capability, vegetation, and include information and meteorological studies, field visits, and the prevailing wind direction in the form of desert and question naires were completed and work units to people in another way - specific preparation, IRIFR experimental model of wind erosion in each of the work units were defined the land to wind erosion susceptibility map was prepared using IRIFR and deposition potential temperature using the relationship between precipitation and sediment yield were obtained. After scoring each of the factors affecting wind erosion facies geomorphology (erosion) and the sum of given annual sediment production rates, the rate of erosion severity maps were produced in ArcGIS environment. Soil erosion severity and sedimentation of the area, were obtained nine factors affecting wind erosion scores are considered in five classes.

The results showed erosion class I (very little) with an area of ​​about 11287.21 acres more land erosion. This erosion class is includes geomorphological facies 1-1-2 (water erosion on the erosion piedmont) and 1-2-2 (water erosion on the apandajz piedmont). and class IV (erosion) with an area of ​​6682.45 acres, is the second largest in the area. This erosional class also includes geomorphological facies detachement region - farm lands – fine desert pavement and the stream. Among stream geomorphologic facies (5-3-2) and arable land (2.3.2) have the most the highest amounts of precipitation.

Wind erosion in the miandasht region, include 8 erosional form and severity of erosion stream facies, etachement region, farm lands and fine desert pavement have high erosion rates. Topography is flat and low-slope land in the north eastern parts of the area where directly affected by the prevailing winds, led to the destructive power of wind improve. One of the best ways to combat wind erosion in the area around the farm and out carminative Miandasht construction area of agricultural land around the study area and the direction of the prevailing winds in parts of the east, the north east is. The study area of wind erosion control perspective is a set of constraints and capabilities. Fine tissue silt abundant salts in the soil and reduces adhesion of soil particle aggregate structure fragmentation and reduce the threshold velocity of wind erosion in the region and the area are prone to erosion. Existence drought resistant species such as Haloxylon prsicum Artimisia sp. in the region can be developed that will help to control wind erosion.
Keywords
IRIFR
Deposition
Facies of geomorphology
Wind erosion
Miandasht Esfarayen
Armbrusr, D.V, ; Chepil, W.S. and Siddoway,H. 1964. Effects of ridegs on erosion of Soil bywind, soil Science Society of America , proceedings 28.
Bohloli, M. 2006 . Estimation of wind erosion in selective farm in Yazd Plain with use of WEPS and IRIFR. E.A -2 Models. M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resource,University of Tehran.
Kovda, V. 1980. Land aridization and drought control. Boulder Westview Press.
Laura, A.D. and Daniel, E.B .2009. Threshold wind velocity susceptibility to wind erosion under variable climatic condition. Land Degradation Development, 20.
Le Houerou, H.N .1975. The nature and causes of desertification, In: Proceedings of the IGU Meeting on Desertification,Cambridge.
Reining, P. (Editor) .1978. A Handbook on Desertification Indicators: based on the Science Associations.Nairobi Seminar on Desertification. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Glantz, M. H .1977. Desertification: Environmental Degradation in and around Arid Lands. Boulder, Westview Press.
Hare, F.K.1977. Connections between climate and desertification. Environmental Conservation, 4(2): 82.